一文读懂油气回收处理系统

　　Understanding the Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment System in One Text

　　一、油气石油及其产品是多种碳氢化合物的混合物，其中的轻质组分具有很强的挥发性。

　　1、 Oil, gas, petroleum, and their products are a mixture of various hydrocarbons, with light components having strong volatility.

　　01什么是油气?

　　01 What is oil and gas?

　　根据《油气回收处理设施技术标准》（GB/T 50759-2022）定义，油气（vapour）是易挥发性可燃液体物料在储存或装载过程中产生的挥发性有机气体及其与其他气体的混合气的总称。

　　According to the Technical Standards for Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment Facilities (GB/T 50759-2022), vapor is the general term for volatile organic gases and their mixtures with other gases generated during the storage or loading of volatile flammable liquid materials.

　　挥发性有机物（英文名:Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）是指在标准状态下具有较高饱和蒸气压（大于13.33Pa）、低沸点、小分子量，且在常温下易于挥发的有机化合物。这种物质是大气的主要污染物之一。

　　Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) refer to organic compounds that have high saturation vapor pressure (greater than 13.33 Pa), low boiling point, small molecular weight, and are easily volatile at room temperature under standard conditions. This substance is one of the main pollutants in the atmosphere.

　　02为什么要回收？

　　Why recycle?

　　易挥发的油气不仅会污染环境，影响作业人员健康，其成分大多是易燃易爆物质，威胁存储和装卸过程中的安全，同时，也造成油气资源的浪费。

　　Volatile oil and gas not only pollute the environment and affect the health of workers, but their components are mostly flammable and explosive substances, threatening the safety of storage and loading and unloading processes. At the same time, they also cause waste of oil and gas resources.

　　因此，对原油、汽油、石脑油、溶剂油、芳烃或类似性质等易挥发性可燃液体的储存系统和铁路、公路装车及装船等系统所排放的油气采取了回收治理措施。二、油气回收处理设施油气回收处理设施包括油气收集系统、油气回收装置、油气处理装置及其配套设施，是对挥发的油气进行回收一种环保设施，多用于装卸作业环节。

　　Therefore, measures have been taken to recover and treat the oil and gas emissions from storage systems for volatile and flammable liquids such as crude oil, gasoline, naphtha, solvent oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, or similar properties, as well as from railway and highway loading and unloading systems. 2、 Oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities include oil and gas collection systems, oil and gas recovery devices, oil and gas treatment devices and their supporting facilities. It is an environmentally friendly facility for recovering volatile oil and gas, and is often used in loading and unloading operations.

　　01油气收集系统

　　01 Oil and gas collection system

　　易挥发性可燃液体物料在储存或装载过程中，油气通过储罐顶部或装载系统的密闭气相管道及其他工艺设备进行集中收集的系统。

　　A system for centralized collection of oil and gas from volatile flammable liquid materials during storage or loading, through sealed gas-phase pipelines at the top of storage tanks or loading systems, and other process equipment.

　　凝缩液是指油气因压力、温度等变化凝结下来的可燃液体。凝缩液处理方式包括返回储罐或船舱;如果具备条件返回石油化工炼化装置进行加工处理,或者作为锅炉燃料、发电燃料等。但在储存和处置过程中,不能造成二次污染。02油气回收装置

　　Condensed liquid refers to a combustible liquid formed by the condensation of oil and gas due to changes in pressure, temperature, and other factors. The treatment method for condensed liquid includes returning to the storage tank or cabin; If conditions permit, return to the petrochemical refining unit for processing, or use as boiler fuel, power generation fuel, etc. But during storage and disposal, secondary pollution should not be caused. 02 Oil and gas recovery device

　　油气回收装置是将油品装卸或储存过程中产生的油气进行回收的装置，其原理是将挥发性油气通过适当的手段与空气分离并回收，净化后的气体排入大气。

　　The oil and gas recovery device is a device that recovers the oil and gas generated during the loading, unloading, or storage of oil products. Its principle is to separate and recover volatile oil and gas from the air through appropriate means, and discharge the purified gas into the atmosphere.

　　目前油气回收技术多采用吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、膜分离法或其组合等物理方法，对油气进行回收并达标排放。03油气处理装置

　　At present, oil and gas recovery technologies mostly use physical methods such as adsorption, absorption, condensation, membrane separation, or their combinations to recover oil and gas and meet emission standards. 03 Oil and Gas Processing Unit

　　油气处理技术多采用燃烧法、氧化法、等离子体法等化学方法，对油气进行处理并达标排放。燃烧法分为直接燃烧、热力燃烧或蓄热燃烧；氧化法分为催化氧化、蓄热氧化等；等离子体法分为低温等离子体、高温等离子体等。

　　Oil and gas treatment technologies often use chemical methods such as combustion, oxidation, and plasma to treat oil and gas and meet emission standards. The combustion method can be divided into direct combustion, thermal combustion, or regenerative combustion; Oxidation methods can be divided into catalytic oxidation, thermal storage oxidation, etc; Plasma methods are divided into low-temperature plasma, high-temperature plasma, etc.

　　不同的回收或处理技术原理不同，需根据安全条件、操作条件等因素选取，更多开始采取油气回收技术和处理技术的综合应用。

　　Different recycling or processing technologies have different principles and need to be selected based on factors such as safety and operating conditions. More comprehensive applications of oil and gas recycling and processing technologies are being adopted.

　　储存或装载系统排放油气的浓度大于30g/m3时，宜设置油气回收装置；当油气浓度小于或等于30g/m3或油气难以回收时，宜设置油气处理装置。

　　When the concentration of oil and gas discharged from the storage or loading system is greater than 30g/m3, it is advisable to install an oil and gas recovery device; When the concentration of oil and gas is less than or equal to 30g/m3 or it is difficult to recover oil and gas, it is advisable to install an oil and gas treatment device.

　　油气回收装置和油气处理装置的设计规模宜为储存或/和装载设施同时排放油气最大量的100%~110%。三、油气收集系统《储油库大气污染物排放标准》（GB20950-2020）和《油品运输大气污染物排放标准》（GB20951-2020）分别对储油库码头、铁路罐车、汽车罐车、油船油气控制做了相关规定。

　　The design scale of the oil and gas recovery unit and oil and gas treatment unit should be 100% to 110% of the maximum amount of oil and gas discharged simultaneously from storage and/or loading facilities. 3、 The "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks" (GB20950-2020) and "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport" (GB20951-2020) for oil and gas collection systems respectively provide relevant regulations for oil and gas control at oil storage terminals, railway tankers, truck tankers, and oil tankers.

　　01装车设施油气回收处理系统

　　01 Loading Facility Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment System

　　通过汽车罐车收油，应采用密闭泵送或自流式管道系统。油气回收系统能够将储油库向汽车罐车发油时产生的油气密闭输入油气处理装置，能够将卸油时产生的油气密闭输入汽车罐车油罐内。

　　When collecting oil through a tanker truck, a closed pumping or self flowing pipeline system should be used. The oil and gas recovery system can seal the oil and gas generated during the oil delivery from the storage tank to the oil and gas treatment device, and can seal the oil and gas generated during the unloading process into the oil tank of the truck.

　　通过铁路罐车收油，除拆装灌装鹤管之外的时段，收油鹤管与铁路罐车灌装口(人孔)应密闭。从泵站扫仓罐中产生的油气应密闭收集，并送入油气处理装置进行回收处理。02装船设施油气回收处理系统

　　During the period of oil collection by railway tank trucks, except for the disassembly and assembly of the filling crane tube, the oil collection crane tube and the filling port (manhole) of the railway tank truck should be sealed. The oil and gas generated from the sweeping tank of the pump station should be collected in a sealed manner and sent to the oil and gas processing device for recovery and treatment. 02 Loading Facility Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment System

　　具有万吨级及以上油品泊位的码头对应的储油库应密闭收集向GB 20951管控的油船发油时产生的油气，并送入油气处理装置回收处理。

　　The oil storage tanks corresponding to docks with berths for oil products of ten thousand tons or above should collect the oil and gas generated during the delivery of oil to oil tankers controlled by GB 20951 in a closed manner, and send it to the oil and gas processing equipment for recovery and treatment.

　　油气回收处理设施主要包括船岸油气收集系统、船岸安全装置、油气输送管道系统、油气回收装置和油气处理装置及其配套设施等。

　　The oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities mainly include ship shore oil and gas collection systems, ship shore safety devices, oil and gas transportation pipeline systems, oil and gas recovery devices, oil and gas treatment devices, and their supporting facilities.

　　1. 船岸油气收集系统

　　1. Ship shore oil and gas collection system

　　在码头前沿利用输气臂或软管与船舶油气管汇接口连接进行油气收集的系统。

　　A system for collecting oil and gas at the forefront of a dock by connecting a gas arm or hose to a ship's oil and gas pipeline.

　　2. 船岸安全装置（Ship-to-Dock Safety Unit）一般由管道、手动切断阀、止回装置、惰化调节阀,压力传感器、高速透气/真空阀或压力/真空释放阀,电动卸载阀,电动切断阀、气液分离器、氧含量传感器、阻爆轰型阻火器、气体流量计、防爆控制箱、控制系统等构成。

　　2. Ship to Dock Safety Unit generally consists of pipelines, manual shut-off valves, check devices, inerting control valves, pressure sensors, high-speed ventilation/vacuum valves or pressure/vacuum release valves, electric unloading valves, electric shut-off valves, gas-liquid separators, oxygen content sensors, explosion-proof flame arresters, gas flow meters, explosion-proof control boxes, control systems, etc.

　　2.1 氧含量超标控制氧含量超标控制系统应依靠装置进气端的氧含量传感器提供的油气氧含量实时监测数据进行控制油气氧含量达到体积分数8%时,应自动实施氧含量超限控制,自动报警并关闭电动切断阀,同时开启电动卸载阀实施紧急排放。?

　　2.1 Control of Excessive Oxygen Content The system for controlling excessive oxygen content should rely on real-time monitoring data of oil and gas oxygen content provided by the oxygen content sensor at the inlet of the device. When the oil and gas oxygen content reaches a volume fraction of 8%, it should automatically implement oxygen content exceeding control, automatically alarm and close the electric cut-off valve, and at the same time open the electric unloading valve to implement emergency discharge.?

　　2.2?惰化控制惰化控制系统监测到船岸安全装置油气氧含量达到体积分数6%时应报警,并启动惰化系统。惰化调节阀接受船岸安全装置自控系统给出的指令,控制惰气输入量,保持油气氧含量体积分数在6%以下。3. ?油气输送管道系统?Vapour Transportation Pipe System

　　2.2? When the inerting control system detects that the oil and gas oxygen content of the shore safety device reaches 6% by volume, it should alarm and activate the inerting system. The inerting control valve receives instructions from the ship shore safety device self-control system, controls the input of inert gas, and maintains the volume fraction of oil and gas oxygen content below 6%. 3. ? Oil and gas transportation pipeline system? Vapour Transportation Pipe System

　　连接船岸安全装置与油气回收装置或油气处理装置,对油气进行输送的系统,一般由管道、风机、阻火器、阀门和压力传感器等构成。03油船油气回收系统

　　The system that connects the ship shore safety device with the oil and gas recovery device or oil and gas processing device to transport oil and gas generally consists of pipelines, fans, flame arresters, valves, and pressure sensors. 03 Oil and Gas Recovery System for Oil Tankers

　　油船的油气回收系统主要包括船上油气收集系统和惰性气体系统。

　　The oil and gas recovery system of an oil tanker mainly includes an onboard oil and gas collection system and an inert gas system.

　　船上油气收集系统，收集货油舱装载过程中产生的油气的系统。

　　On board oil and gas collection system, a system that collects oil and gas generated during the loading process of cargo oil tanks.

　　惰性气体系统，向货油舱输送惰性气体，降低其氧气含量，使其降低至爆炸下限以下。

　　The inert gas system delivers inert gas to the cargo oil tank, reducing its oxygen content to below the lower explosive limit.

　　04储罐油气回收系统

　　04 Tank Oil and Gas Recovery System

　　易挥发性可燃液体物料的内浮顶、拱顶和低压储罐应设置油气回收处理设施;当储罐采取控制减排措施后，排放的油气浓度满足排放限值和控制指标要求时，可不设油气回收处理设施。

　　Oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities should be installed on the inner floating roof, arch roof, and low-pressure storage tanks of volatile flammable liquid materials; When the tank adopts control and emission reduction measures, and the concentration of the discharged oil and gas meets the emission limit and control index requirements, oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities may not be installed.

　　主要针对储罐的几种排放：（1）大呼吸排放：在装卸作业时，由于液位变化导致的气体空间体积变化而使油气排出；（2）小呼吸排放：由于外界温差变化，导致的罐内气体热胀冷缩而产生的排放；（3）热料进罐产生的排放；（4）高压进料产生的排放。

　　Mainly targeting several types of emissions from storage tanks: (1) large breathing emissions: during loading and unloading operations, oil and gas are discharged due to changes in gas space volume caused by changes in liquid level; (2) Small breathing emissions: emissions caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of gas inside the tank due to changes in external temperature differences; (3) Emissions generated by hot material entering the tank; (4) Emissions generated by high-pressure feeding.

　　油气收集系统应根据储存物料的性质、火灾危险性、储存温度、排气压力和罐型等因素设置。有单罐单控或直接连通方式两种方式。主要是采用将储罐通气孔与收集管路连接，然后经过收集管网、油气输送装置进入油气回收处理装置。

　　The oil and gas collection system should be set up based on factors such as the nature of the stored materials, fire hazard, storage temperature, exhaust pressure, and tank type. There are two methods: single tank single control or direct connection. The main method is to connect the tank vent to the collection pipeline, and then enter the oil and gas recovery and treatment device through the collection pipeline network and oil and gas transportation device.