以前一来到加油站，不少人都能闻到那股汽油味儿，非常明显且略有上头。不知不觉间，加油站里的汽油味儿消失了，有的车主心里直犯嘀咕：现在加油怎么闻不到汽油味儿？是不是油里掺水了？

　　Before, when I arrived at the gas station, many people could smell the smell of gasoline, which was very obvious and slightly intoxicating. Unconsciously, the smell of gasoline in the gas station disappeared, and some car owners were muttering to themselves: Why can't you smell the smell of gasoline when refueling now? Is there water mixed in the oil?

　　这个问题看似麻烦答案很简单加油站安装了油气回收装置将加油时可能逸出的油气进行了有效回收这就是汽油味消失的原因接下来就让我们一起探寻油气回收的秘密

　　This question may seem troublesome, but the answer is simple. Gas stations have installed oil and gas recovery devices to effectively recover the oil and gas that may escape during refueling. This is why the smell of gasoline disappears. Let's explore the secret of oil and gas recovery together

　　一、什么是油气回收

　　1、 What is oil and gas recovery

　　油气回收，是指将加油站在装卸汽油和给车辆加油的过程中产生的油气、油库挥发的油气、装车鹤管产生的油气收集起来，通过吸收、吸附或冷凝等工艺中的一种或两种方法，或减少油气的污染，或使油气从气态转变为液态，重新变为汽油，从而达到回收利用的目的。

　　Oil and gas recovery refers to the collection of oil and gas generated during the loading and unloading of gasoline and refueling of vehicles at gas stations, volatile oil and gas from oil depots, and oil and gas generated from loading cranes. Through one or two methods such as absorption, adsorption, or condensation, the pollution of oil and gas can be reduced, or the oil and gas can be transformed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then back into gasoline, in order to achieve the purpose of recycling and utilization.

　　油汽回收

　　Oil and gas recovery

　　二、为什么要进行油气回收

　　2、 Why is oil and gas recovery necessary

　　01油气的定义汽油的主要成分为碳5至碳12的脂肪烃和环烷烃，饱和蒸气压和沸点低，容易气化，有时我们用肉眼看到汽油附近有一层蒸腾的雾气，那就是油气，一种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。

　　The main components of gasoline are fatty hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes ranging from carbon 5 to carbon 12, with low saturation vapor pressure and boiling point, making it easy to vaporize. Sometimes, we can see a layer of evaporated mist near gasoline with the naked eye, which is called gasoline, a volatile organic compound (VOCs).

　　02油气排放的危害1.影响大气环境VOCs是导致城市灰霾和光化学烟雾的重要前体物，参与大气环境中臭氧和二次气溶胶的形成，其对区域性大气臭氧污染、PM2.5污染具有重要影响。

　　02 Hazards of oil and gas emissions 1. Impact on atmospheric environment VOCs are important precursors that cause urban haze and photochemical smog, participate in the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols in the atmospheric environment, and have a significant impact on regional atmospheric ozone pollution and PM2.5 pollution.

　　2.危害人体健康大多数VOCs具有令人不适的特殊气味，并具有毒性、刺激性、致畸性和致癌作用，特别是部分苯类物质，当人大量摄入后，会出现头痛、恶心、腹痛等症状，甚至导致死亡。

　　2. Harm to human health. Most VOCs have an uncomfortable special odor and have toxic, irritating, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects, especially some benzene substances. When ingested in large quantities, symptoms such as headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and even death may occur.

　　3.引发安全事故烃类VOCs属于易燃、易爆物质，油气挥发会产生大量高浓度饱和蒸气，若遇明火或静电极易发生火灾、爆炸事故，威胁公共安全。

　　3. Causing safety accidents. Hydrocarbon VOCs are flammable and explosive substances, and the volatilization of oil and gas can produce a large amount of high concentration saturated vapor. If exposed to open flames or static electricity, they are prone to fire and explosion accidents, posing a threat to public safety.

　　4.导致油品损耗石油为不可再生资源，油气排放会造成油品损耗，产生经济损失。

　　4. Causing oil loss. Petroleum is a non renewable resource, and oil and gas emissions can cause oil loss, resulting in economic losses.

　　03法律规定《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》第47条规定：

　　Article 47 of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that:

　　储油储气库、加油加气站、原油成品油码头、原油成品油运输船舶和油罐车、气罐车等，应当按照国家有关规定安装油气回收装置并保持正常使用。

　　Oil and gas storage facilities, refueling stations, crude oil product terminals, crude oil product transportation ships, oil tank trucks, gas tank trucks, etc. shall install oil and gas recovery devices in accordance with relevant national regulations and maintain normal use.

　　三、如何进行油气回收

　　3、 How to carry out oil and gas recovery

　　01油气回收原理油气回收分为三个阶段，涉及卸油、加油、储油三个过程。

　　The principle of oil and gas recovery is divided into three stages, involving unloading, refueling, and storage.

　　1.一次油气回收（卸油过程）指通过压力平衡原理，将在卸油过程中挥发的油气收集到油罐车内，运回储油库进行油气回收处理的过程。

　　1. One time oil and gas recovery (unloading process) refers to the process of collecting the evaporated oil and gas during the unloading process into the oil tank truck through the principle of pressure balance, and transporting it back to the oil storage tank for oil and gas recovery treatment.

　　2.二次油气回收（加油过程）指回收式加油枪改造及油气回收管线建设，采用真空辅助式油气回收设备，将在加油过程中挥发的油气通过地下油气回收管线收集到地下储罐内的油气回收过程。图源：“中国石油”公众号3.三次油气回收（储油过程）指在油品储存过程中，对储油罐内呼出的油气进行处理，三次油气回收系统需安装在已经完成二次油气回收系统改造的加油站。其工作原理为储油罐内油气压力达到三次油气回收装置启动条件，三次油气回收设备启动，将油罐内的油气转化为液态回到集液罐或储油罐中。

　　2. Secondary oil and gas recovery (refueling process) refers to the transformation of a recovery type refueling gun and the construction of oil and gas recovery pipelines. Vacuum assisted oil and gas recovery equipment is used to collect the evaporated oil and gas during the refueling process through underground oil and gas recovery pipelines into underground storage tanks for oil and gas recovery. Source: "PetroChina" official account 3. The third oil and gas recovery (oil storage process) refers to the treatment of the oil and gas exhaled from the oil storage tank during the oil storage process. The third oil and gas recovery system needs to be installed in the gas station that has completed the transformation of the second oil and gas recovery system. Its working principle is that when the oil and gas pressure in the oil storage tank reaches the starting conditions for the third oil and gas recovery device, the third oil and gas recovery equipment starts, converting the oil and gas in the oil tank into liquid and returning it to the collection tank or oil storage tank.

　　目前，深圳市加油站油气回收过程，主要采用与居民生活息息相关的二次油气回收系统。

　　At present, the oil and gas recovery process at gas stations in Shenzhen mainly adopts secondary oil and gas recovery systems that are closely related to residents' lives.

　　02油气回收系统组成加油站油气回收系统由卸油油气回收系统、汽油密闭储存、加油油气回收系统、在线监测系统和油气处理装置组成。以加油油气回收系统的加油机为例，主要包含油气分离接头、拉断阀、油气回收加油枪、真空泵等设备。03油气排放标准2020年12月28日，生态环境部和国家市场监督管理总局发布了《储油库大气污染物排放标准》（GB 20950—2020）《油品运输大气污染物排放标准》（GB 20951-2020）《加油站大气污染物排放标准》（GB 20952—2020）。

　　The 02 oil and gas recovery system consists of an unloading oil and gas recovery system, a gasoline sealed storage system, a refueling oil and gas recovery system, an online monitoring system, and an oil and gas processing device. Taking the refueling machine of the oil and gas recovery system as an example, it mainly includes oil and gas separation joints, break valves, oil and gas recovery refueling guns, vacuum pumps and other equipment. On December 28, 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the State Administration for Market Regulation issued the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks" (GB 20950-2020), "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport" (GB 20951-2020), and "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Gas Stations" (GB 20952-2020).

　　其中，《加油站大气污染物排放标准》在“密闭性”“液阻”“气液比”3项检测指标基础上，增加了“油气回收系统密闭点位油气泄漏”“加油站企业边界油气浓度无组织排放”2项指标，其中一项指标检测超标的，则判定为不合格，需要对油气回收系统进行检修或更换。新标准的实施能够有效降低加油站油气排放对附近居民的影响。

　　Among them, the "Gas Station Air Pollutant Emission Standards" have added two indicators, "Oil and Gas Leakage at Closed Points of Oil and Gas Recovery Systems" and "Unorganized Emission of Oil and Gas Concentration at Gas Station Enterprise Boundaries", on the basis of three detection indicators: "Sealing", "Liquid Resistance" and "Gas Liquid Ratio". If one of the indicators exceeds the standard, it is judged as unqualified and the oil and gas recovery system needs to be repaired or replaced. The implementation of the new standards can effectively reduce the impact of gas station emissions on nearby residents.

　　到这也许有人会问，油气回收会吸走油箱的油吗？答案当然是不会，车辆在行驶过程中会产生油气并聚集到油箱上部。加油时，加油枪集气罩可阻挡油气散发，集气罩前端的吸气孔可将油气吸走，吸气孔下方有一个防溢油装置—自封口，能够在碰到油时自动跳枪，所以油气回收并不会吸走油箱的油。

　　At this point, some people may ask, will oil and gas recovery suck up the oil in the tank? The answer is of course not, as the vehicle generates fuel and gas during operation, which accumulates in the upper part of the fuel tank. When refueling, the gas collecting cover of the refueling gun can block the emission of oil and gas. The suction hole at the front end of the gas collecting cover can suck up the oil and gas. There is an anti overflow device - self sealing - below the suction hole, which can automatically jump off the gun when it touches the oil, so the oil and gas recovery will not suck up the oil in the tank.

　　本文由 加油站三次油气回收设备   友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.kosman.com.cn/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from the gas station's three times oil and gas recovery equipment For more related knowledge, please click http://www.kosman.com.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.