早在20 世纪60 年代，国外发达国家就对装车、装船过程蒸发损耗油气进行回收技术的研究，20 世纪70 年代，欧美等国已广泛应用油气回收技术于装车、装船等过程。在油气回收方面，欧盟各国都做出了明确的规定，有的国家还对加装了油气回收装置的油库和加油站实行阶段性的财政补贴或税收减免的优惠。

　　As early as the 1960s, developed countries abroad conducted research on the recovery technology of oil and gas evaporated during loading and shipping processes. In the 1970s, oil and gas recovery technology was widely used in loading and shipping processes in Europe, America, and other countries. In terms of oil and gas recovery, EU countries have made clear regulations, and some countries have also implemented phased financial subsidies or tax exemptions for oil depots and gas stations equipped with oil and gas recovery devices.

　　我国于2020年12月发布了《储油库大气污染物排放标准》（GB20950-2020）、《油品运输大气污染物排放标准》（GB20951-2020）、《加油站大气污染物排放标准》（GB20952-2020），并于2021年4 月1 日开始实施。根据《储油库大气排放标准》的要求，装油时产生的油气应进行密闭收集和回收处理，经过回收处理的油气排放浓度要达到≤25g/m?(非甲烷总烃)，处理效率要≥95%。

　　China released the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks" (GB20950-2020), "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport" (GB20951-2020), and "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Gas Stations" (GB20952-2020) in December 2020, and implemented them on April 1, 2021. According to the requirements of the "Atmospheric Emission Standards for Oil Storage Tanks", the oil and gas generated during oil loading should be collected and recovered in a closed manner, and the concentration of the recovered oil and gas emissions should reach ≤ 25g/m? (Non methane total hydrocarbons), the processing efficiency should be ≥ 95%.

　　油气回收设备是用于收集和处理挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和油气的专用装置；是对原油、汽油、柴油、石脑油等油品；甲醇、乙二醇等醇类；苯、甲苯、二甲苯等苯类以及其他挥发性有机物在储存、运输过程中挥发的油气对进行处理。这部分油气对环境、人们的健康和安全生产越来越引起人们的重视。

　　Oil and gas recovery equipment is a specialized device used for collecting and processing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oil and gas; It refers to oil products such as crude oil, gasoline, diesel, and naphtha; Alcohols such as methanol and ethylene glycol; The oil and gas evaporated from benzene, toluene, xylene and other volatile organic compounds during storage and transportation should be treated. This part of oil and gas is increasingly attracting people's attention to the environment, people's health, and safety production.

　　油气回收的设计根据业主方提供的条件和要求进行设计，比如：鹤管装车量和罐区的储量等要求确定油气回收的处理量比如：30～2000m?/h；也要根据业主提供的介质成分来确定油气回收的处理工艺,如：冷凝法、吸附法、吸收法、膜吸附法、或者多种工艺组合等方法。

　　The design of oil and gas recovery is based on the conditions and requirements provided by the owner, such as the loading capacity of crane pipes and the storage capacity of tank areas. The processing capacity of oil and gas recovery is determined, such as 30-2000m ?/h; The treatment process for oil and gas recovery should also be determined based on the medium composition provided by the owner, such as condensation method, adsorption method, absorption method, membrane adsorption method, or a combination of multiple processes.

　　设计依据：（1）业主方提供的所有设计条件、技术要求；

　　Design basis: (1) All design conditions and technical requirements provided by the owner;

　　（2）国家相关规范和标准

　　(2) National regulations and standards

　　《油气回收处理设施技术标准》GB 50759-2022

　　Technical Standard for Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment Facilities GB 50759-2022

　　《大气污染物综合排放标准》GB16297-1996

　　Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants GB16297-1996

　　《爆炸性气体环境用电气设备》GB3836-2000

　　Electrical Equipment for Explosive Gas Environments GB3836-2000

　　《爆炸和火灾危险环境电力装置设计规范》GB50058-92

　　Code for Design of Electrical Installations in Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments GB50058-92

　　《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》GB50116-2008

　　Design Specification for Automatic Fire Alarm System GB50116-2008

　　《工业金属管道设计规范》GB50316-2000(2008年版)

　　Design Code for Industrial Metallic Piping GB50316-2000 (2008 edition)

　　《石油化工企业燃料气系统和可燃性气体排放系统设计规范》SH3009-2001

　　Design Specification for Fuel Gas System and Combustible Gas Emission System in Petrochemical Enterprises SH3009-2001

　　《石油化工企业设计防火规范》GB50160-2008

　　Fire Protection Design Code for Petrochemical Enterprises GB50160-2008

　　《石油化工静电接地设计规范》SH3097-2000

　　Design Specification for Static Electricity Grounding in Petrochemical Industry SH3097-2000

　　《石油化工自动化仪表选型设计规范》SH3005-1999

　　Specification for Selection and Design of Automation Instruments in Petrochemical Industry SH3005-1999

　　《低压配电设计规范》GB50054-2011

　　Code for Design of Low Voltage Distribution GB50054-2011

　　《通用用电设备配电设计规范》GB50055-2011

　　Design Code for Distribution of General Electrical Equipment GB50055-2011

　　《储油库大气污染物排放标准》（GB20950-2020）

　　Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks (GB20950-2020)

　　《油品运输大气污染物排放标准》（GB20951-2020）

　　Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport (GB20951-2020)

　　安全附件：

　　Security attachments:

　　（1）、油气回收装置入口设置阻火器、出口设置阻火透气帽；

　　(1) Install flame arresters at the inlet and breathable caps at the outlet of the oil and gas recovery device;

　　（2）、油气回收装置内部设置点型可燃气体探测器（报警仪），气体泄漏时报警；

　　(2) A point type combustible gas detector (alarm) is installed inside the oil and gas recovery device to sound an alarm in case of gas leakage;

　　（3）、设备设有接地装置、防雷装置及等电位防静电跨接；

　　(3) The equipment is equipped with grounding devices, lightning protection devices, and equipotential anti-static cross connections;

　　（4）、电机、仪表等均采用防爆型，整机防爆；

　　(4) The motors, instruments, etc. are all explosion-proof, and the whole machine is explosion-proof;

　　（5）、吸附罐设置温度传感器，当活性炭温度超过设定值时报警；

　　(5) The adsorption tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, which will sound an alarm when the temperature of the activated carbon exceeds the set value;

　　（6）、设置紧急排放装置，油气回收系统故障时可临时排放以免耽误装车。

　　(6) Set up emergency discharge devices to temporarily discharge oil and gas recovery systems in case of malfunction, in order to avoid delaying loading.

　　工艺原理及运行控制

　　Process principle and operation control

　　(1)引气工艺

　　(1) Air entraining process

　　依次加装阻火器、采样口手动球阀、温度传感器、压力感测器及引气风机等仪表、阀门及设备。

　　Install instruments, valves, and equipment such as flame arresters, manual ball valves for sampling ports, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and induced draft fans in sequence.

　　(2)制冷工艺：

　　(2) Refrigeration process:

　　a.待处理的尾气依次经过各个冷段。其中a段的工作原理是利用b段制冷后的低温尾气进行冷量交换利用，实现能量再利用。

　　a. The exhaust gas to be treated passes through each cold section in sequence. The working principle of section A is to use the low-temperature exhaust gas cooled by section B for cold exchange and utilization, achieving energy reuse.

　　b.尾气回收装置冷凝系统采用将各个制冷段组合成整体形式，减少整个尾气回收装置的冷凝箱的体积并减少管路冷量损失，大大提高制冷效率和降低能耗。

　　b. The condensation system of the exhaust gas recovery device adopts the combination of various refrigeration sections into a whole form, reducing the volume of the condensation box of the entire exhaust gas recovery device and minimizing the loss of pipeline cooling capacity, greatly improving refrigeration efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

　　c.尾气经过最后冷凝段后进入吸附罐处理。

　　c. After passing through the final condensation section, the exhaust gas enters the adsorption tank for treatment.

　　d.选用知名某品牌制冷压缩机组进行多重制冷，整套系统可以根据尾气量处理的负荷大小自动调节，节省能耗。

　　d. Selecting a well-known brand of refrigeration compressor unit for multiple refrigeration, the entire system can automatically adjust according to the load size of exhaust gas treatment, saving energy consumption.

　　e. 制冷过程的压缩机组包括其他的电气设备以及相配套的信号柜，动力柜等设备都被装置在橇中。橇外壳采用不锈钢材料，安全性能高。

　　e. The compressor unit for the refrigeration process, including other electrical equipment and supporting signal cabinets, power cabinets, and other equipment, is installed in the sled. The sled shell is made of stainless steel material, which has high safety performance.

　　(3)冷凝液收集过程：

　　(3) Collection process of condensate:

　　a.经过制冷过程后，尾气中的组分被冷凝成混合物被送至储罐中。

　　a. After the refrigeration process, the components in the exhaust gas are condensed into a mixture and sent to the storage tank.

　　b.回收得到的回收液可以直接利用管道泵输送至业主方罐区。

　　b. The recovered liquid can be directly transported to the owner's tank area through pipeline pumps.

　　c.回收泵根据储液罐的液位元信号自动开、停。

　　c. The recycling pump automatically starts and stops based on the liquid level signal of the storage tank.

　　(4)吸附过程

　　(4) Adsorption process

　　a.尾气中不能被完全冷凝的少量轻组分进入吸附罐利用尾气回收专用的吸附剂进行吸附处理

　　a. A small amount of light components in the exhaust gas that cannot be completely condensed enter the adsorption tank and are treated with specialized adsorbents for exhaust gas recovery

　　b.吸附工艺采用两套吸附罐切换循环工作，当一个吸附罐的中的吸附剂对尾气尾气进行吸附处理时，另一个吸附罐中则利用真空泵进行脱附处理，脱附的富集尾气再送至冷凝段进行回收处理。

　　b. The adsorption process uses two sets of adsorption tanks to switch between cyclic operation. When the adsorbent in one adsorption tank adsorbs the tail gas, the vacuum pump is used in the other adsorption tank for desorption treatment. The desorbed enriched tail gas is then sent to the condensation section for recovery treatment.

　　c.吸附专用的真空泵选用干式涡旋真空泵，此真空泵具有被抽物料可循环使用、无油无水无污染、能耗低，真空度高，噪音小、免维护等优点。

　　c. The vacuum pump used for adsorption is a dry vortex vacuum pump, which has the advantages of reusable materials, oil-free, water free, pollution-free, low energy consumption, high vacuum degree, low noise, and maintenance free.

　　(5)排放过程

　　(5) Emission process

　　a.经过吸附处理后的尾气已达排放标准，通过排放管道排放。

　　a. After adsorption treatment, the exhaust gas has reached the emission standard and is discharged through the discharge pipeline.

　　b.排空处加装尾气浓度监测取样口，方便随时抽取尾气样本。

　　b. Install a tail gas concentration monitoring sampling port at the exhaust outlet to facilitate the extraction of tail gas samples at any time.

　　进气口温度测定点设置位置为引气风机前管段，采用温度传感器将温度实时传送PLC信号控制工艺运行。

　　The temperature measurement point for the air inlet is set at the front pipe section of the induced draft fan, and a temperature sensor is used to transmit the temperature in real time to the PLC signal to control the process operation.

　　由于油气回收设备为撬装设备，安装简单，做整体防爆处理、设备运营安全，系统可以全自动运行，给设备送上电后就无需人工干预；PLC系统预留RS485标准通讯口，可接业主的电脑（如有）远程监控设备运行状态。

　　Due to the fact that the oil and gas recovery equipment is a pry mounted device, it is easy to install, undergoes overall explosion-proof treatment, and operates safely. The system can operate fully automatically, and there is no need for manual intervention after powering on the equipment; The PLC system reserves RS485 standard communication port, which can be connected to the owner's computer (if any) for remote monitoring of equipment operation status.

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