油气污染物主要由碳氢等挥发性有机物组成，许多成分具有致癌作用，并且在空气中会转化生成臭氧（O3）和细颗粒物（PM2.5），是造成光化学烟雾、灰霾等大气污染问题的重要原因。同时，油气污染物属于易燃易爆气体，遇火极易发生爆炸或火灾事故。通过油气污染治理，可以将油气进行回收和集中处理，进一步转变为汽油，有利于节约资源和保护环境。

　　Oil and gas pollutants are mainly composed of volatile organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, many of which have carcinogenic effects and can be converted into ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air. They are an important cause of atmospheric pollution problems such as photochemical smog and haze. Meanwhile, oil and gas pollutants belong to flammable and explosive gases, which are highly prone to explosions or fire accidents when exposed to fire. Through the treatment of oil and gas pollution, oil and gas can be recovered and centrally processed, further converted into gasoline, which is beneficial for conserving resources and protecting the environment.

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　　油气回收的政策要求

　　Policy requirements for oil and gas recovery

　　《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》《柴油货车污染治理攻坚战行动计划》《重点行业挥发性有机物综合治理方案》《2020年挥发性有机物治理攻坚方案》等一系列文件均提出加强油品储运销VOCs污染治理。

　　A series of documents, including the "Three Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War," "Action Plan for Fighting Diesel Truck Pollution Control," "Comprehensive Management Plan for Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries," and "2020 Volatile Organic Compound Control Plan," all propose to strengthen the treatment of VOCs pollution in oil storage, transportation, and sales.

　　2018年发布的《加油站油气回收在线监控系统技术要求（征求意见稿）》，规定了汽车加油站在进行油气回收在线监控系统安装建设时的系统组成、应遵循的技术要求、性能指标和安装要求。适用于加油站油气回收在线监控系统的设计、安装、检验及验收的指导，也可用于油气回收系统的日常运行维护监控。

　　The "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring System of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations (Draft for Comments)" released in 2018 specifies the system composition, technical requirements, performance indicators, and installation requirements that should be followed when installing and constructing online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at automobile gas stations. This is a guide for the design, installation, inspection, and acceptance of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations, and can also be used for daily operation, maintenance, and monitoring of oil and gas recovery systems.

　　为进一步推动加油站VOCs减排，出台了《加油站大气污染物排放标准》（GB 20952—2020）标准，规定了加油站在汽油（包括含醇汽油）卸油、储存、加油过程中油气排放控制要求、监测和监督管理要求。加油站汽油系统需配套安装油气回收设施。

　　In order to further promote the reduction of VOCs emissions at gas stations, the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants at Gas Stations" (GB 20952-2020) standard has been issued, which stipulates the requirements for controlling oil and gas emissions during the unloading, storage, and refueling process of gasoline (including alcohol containing gasoline) at gas stations, as well as monitoring and supervision management requirements. The gasoline system at the gas station needs to be equipped with oil and gas recovery facilities.

　　根据《排污单位自行监测技术指南 储油库、加油站》（HJ 1249—2022）的规定，自2022年1月1日起，依法被确定为重点排污单位的加油站依法依规应当安装使用自动监测设备。这要求重点加油站必须安装和运行油气回收在线监测系统，以确保油气回收效率和环境安全。

　　According to the "Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - Oil Storage Tanks and Gas Stations" (HJ 1249-2022), starting from January 1, 2022, gas stations designated as key pollutant discharge units shall install and use automatic monitoring equipment in accordance with laws and regulations. This requires key gas stations to install and operate oil and gas recovery online monitoring systems to ensure oil and gas recovery efficiency and environmental safety.

　　各地也纷纷响应油气回收建设要求，如《山东省加油站油气回收在线监控及联网技术要求》规定，2022年年底前，已与生态环境部门联网的年销售汽油量大于5000吨（含）的加油站完成联网升级改造。推进年销售汽油量大于3000吨（含）的加油站安装油气回收在线监测系统，并与生态环境部门联网，2023—2025年，分别至少完成本市加油站保有量30%、30%、40%的联网任务，2025年年底前全部完成。

　　Various regions have also responded to the requirements for oil and gas recovery construction, such as the "Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring and Networking of Oil and Gas Recovery at Gas Stations in Shandong Province", which stipulates that by the end of 2022, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) that have been connected to the ecological environment department shall complete the network upgrade and renovation. Promote the installation of online monitoring systems for oil and gas recovery at gas stations with an annual sales volume of over 3000 tons (including), and connect them with the ecological environment department. From 2023 to 2025, at least 30%, 30%, and 40% of the city's gas station inventory will be connected, and all will be completed by the end of 2025.

　　《湖南省大气污染防治“守护蓝天”攻坚行动计划（2023—2025年）》提出，到2025年，年销售汽油量大于5000吨（含）的加油站全面完成油气回收在线监测设施安装并联网。《广东省空气质量持续改善行动方案》要求到2025年，年销售汽油量大于（含）2000吨的加油站全部安装油气回收自动监控设施并与生态环境部门联网。

　　The Action Plan for "Guarding Blue Sky" in Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Hunan Province (2023-2025) proposes that by 2025, gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than 5000 tons (including) of gasoline will fully complete the installation and networking of online monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery. The Action Plan for Continuous Improvement of Air Quality in Guangdong Province requires that by 2025, all gas stations with an annual sales volume of more than (including) 2000 tons of gasoline should install automatic monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery and be connected to the ecological environment department.

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　　加油站油气回收工作原理

　　Working principle of gas station oil and gas recovery

　　1.卸油过程监测

　　1. Monitoring of oil unloading process

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　　在油罐车卸油时，油气回收系统会将油罐车内的油气通过气相管道输送回加油站的地下油罐。在线监测系统中的传感器会监测气相管道内的压力、流量和油气浓度。例如，根据伯努利方程，通过监测压力差和流量可以判断油气是否正常回收。如果压力差过小或者流量异常，可能是卸油油气回收装置出现故障。

　　When unloading oil from a tanker truck, the oil and gas recovery system will transport the oil and gas inside the tanker truck back to the underground oil tank at the gas station through gas-phase pipelines. The sensors in the online monitoring system will monitor the pressure, flow rate, and oil and gas concentration inside the gas-phase pipeline. For example, according to the Bernoulli equation, monitoring pressure difference and flow rate can determine whether oil and gas are being recovered normally. If the pressure difference is too small or the flow rate is abnormal, it may be a malfunction of the oil and gas recovery device.

　　2.加油过程监测

　　2. Monitoring of refueling process

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　　当汽车加油时，加油枪的出油动作会同时触发油气回收。油气通过回收通道被收集到地下油罐或者油气回收处理设备中。系统通过流量传感器监测加油量，同时利用压力和浓度传感器监测回收油气的状态。例如，按照一定的油气回收比例（如 1:1 的气液比），当加油量为 10 升时，理论上应该回收 10 升左右的油气。如果实际回收量与理论值偏差过大，系统就会发出警报。

　　When refueling a car, the dispensing action of the fuel gun will simultaneously trigger the recovery of oil and gas. Oil and gas are collected into underground oil tanks or oil and gas recovery and treatment equipment through recovery channels. The system monitors the refueling volume through flow sensors, while using pressure and concentration sensors to monitor the status of recovered oil and gas. For example, according to a certain oil and gas recovery ratio (such as a 1:1 gas-liquid ratio), when the refueling volume is 10 liters, theoretically around 10 liters of oil and gas should be recovered. If the actual recycling amount deviates too much from the theoretical value, the system will issue an alarm.

　　3.储油过程监测

　　3. Monitoring of oil storage process

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　　在储油阶段，主要监测地下油罐内的压力和油气浓度变化。因为温度变化等因素可能会导致油罐内油气压力和浓度改变。通过监测这些参数，可以及时发现油罐的密封性能是否良好。如果油罐密封不好，油气会泄漏，导致油气浓度下降和压力异常。

　　During the oil storage stage, the main focus is on monitoring the pressure and changes in oil and gas concentration inside the underground oil tank. Due to factors such as temperature changes, the pressure and concentration of oil and gas inside the oil tank may change. By monitoring these parameters, it is possible to promptly detect whether the sealing performance of the oil tank is good. If the oil tank is not sealed properly, oil and gas will leak, causing a decrease in oil and gas concentration and abnormal pressure.

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　　油气回收在线监控哪些数据

　　What data is monitored online for oil and gas recovery

　　1.加油枪监测数据

　　1. Monitoring data of fuel gun

　　气液比

　　Gas-liquid ratio

　　定义与计算：气液比是指加油时回收的油气体积与所加燃油体积之比。通过在加油枪和油气回收管道分别安装流量传感器，实时获取油气流量和燃油流量，然后计算气液比。例如，若加油枪燃油流速为30L/min，油气回收管道油气流量为36L/min（假设此时油气已换算为与燃油相同的体积单位），则气液比为36÷30 = 1.2。

　　Definition and Calculation: Gas liquid ratio refers to the ratio of the volume of recovered oil and gas to the volume of fuel added during refueling. By installing flow sensors on the refueling gun and oil and gas recovery pipeline respectively, real-time oil and gas flow rates and fuel flow rates can be obtained, and then the gas-liquid ratio can be calculated. For example, if the fuel flow rate of the refueling gun is 30L/min and the oil and gas flow rate of the oil and gas recovery pipeline is 36L/min (assuming that the oil and gas have been converted to the same volume unit as the fuel), then the gas-liquid ratio is 36 ÷ 30=1.2.

　　重要性与标准范围：气液比是衡量油气回收效率的关键指标。正常情况下，其范围一般在1.0 - 1.2之间。如果气液比过高，可能是油气回收系统吸力过大，会对汽车油箱等造成损害；如果气液比过低，则说明油气回收不完全，大量油气会泄漏到大气中，造成环境污染和安全隐患。

　　Importance and standard range: Gas liquid ratio is a key indicator for measuring the efficiency of oil and gas recovery. Under normal circumstances, its range is generally between 1.0-1.2. If the gas-liquid ratio is too high, it may be due to excessive suction in the oil and gas recovery system, which can cause damage to the car's fuel tank, etc; If the gas-liquid ratio is too low, it indicates incomplete oil and gas recovery, and a large amount of oil and gas will leak into the atmosphere, causing environmental pollution and safety hazards.

　　油气流速和油气流量

　　Oil and gas flow rate and oil and gas flow rate

　　油气流速：油气流速是指油气在油气回收管道中的流动速度，单位通常为米/秒（m/s）。它与油气流量密切相关，并且受到管道直径、油气回收泵的功率等因素的影响。例如，在直径较小的油气回收管道中，为了保证一定的油气流量，油气流速可能会相对较高。

　　Oil and gas flow velocity: Oil and gas flow velocity refers to the flow velocity of oil and gas in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, usually measured in meters per second (m/s). It is closely related to the flow rate of oil and gas, and is influenced by factors such as pipeline diameter and power of oil and gas recovery pumps. For example, in oil and gas recovery pipelines with smaller diameters, in order to ensure a certain oil and gas flow rate, the oil and gas flow velocity may be relatively high.

　　油气流量：油气流量是指单位时间内通过油气回收管道的油气体积，单位为立方米/分钟（m?/min）或升/分钟（L/min）。准确测量油气流量对于评估油气回收系统的运行效率至关重要。在实际监测中，通过安装在油气回收管道上的流量传感器来获取油气流量数据，并且要根据加油枪的出油情况来判断油气流量是否正常。例如，当加油枪出油流量为一定值时，油气流量应根据气液比要求保持在相应的合理范围内。

　　Oil and gas flow rate: Oil and gas flow rate refers to the volume of oil and gas passing through the oil and gas recovery pipeline per unit time, measured in cubic meters per minute (m ?/min) or liters per minute (L/min). Accurately measuring oil and gas flow rate is crucial for evaluating the operational efficiency of oil and gas recovery systems. In actual monitoring, oil and gas flow data is obtained through flow sensors installed on the oil and gas recovery pipeline, and whether the oil and gas flow is normal is judged based on the oil discharge of the refueling gun. For example, when the oil flow rate of the refueling gun is a certain value, the oil and gas flow rate should be maintained within a reasonable range according to the gas-liquid ratio requirements.

　　燃油流速和燃油流量

　　Fuel flow rate and fuel flow rate

　　燃油流速：燃油流速是指燃油从加油枪流出的速度，单位为升/分钟（L/min）。它主要取决于加油枪的型号和内部结构。不同型号的加油枪燃油流速不同，燃油流速的稳定与否也能反映加油枪的工作状态是否正常。

　　Fuel flow rate: Fuel flow rate refers to the speed at which fuel flows out of the fuel nozzle, measured in liters per minute (L/min). It mainly depends on the model and internal structure of the fuel gun. The fuel flow rate of different models of refueling guns varies, and the stability of the fuel flow rate can also reflect whether the refueling gun is working properly.

　　燃油流量：燃油流量是指在一定时间内从加油枪流出的燃油总体积，单位为升（L）。通过对燃油流量的监测，可以准确计算出加油的总量，用于加油站的油品销售统计等工作。同时，燃油流量也是计算气液比的重要参数之一，与油气流量配合使用，来评估油气回收系统的性能。

　　Fuel flow rate: Fuel flow rate refers to the total volume of fuel flowing out of the fuel nozzle within a certain period of time, measured in liters (L). By monitoring the fuel flow rate, the total amount of fuel added can be accurately calculated, which can be used for fuel sales statistics at gas stations. Meanwhile, fuel flow rate is also one of the important parameters for calculating gas-liquid ratio, which is used in conjunction with oil and gas flow rate to evaluate the performance of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　回收油气浓度

　　Recovery of oil and gas concentration

　　定义与测量方法：回收油气浓度是指回收的油气中油气成分所占的比例，通常用体积分数（%）或质量分数（g/m?）来表示。可以通过气体检测仪器，如气相色谱仪或红外吸收式气体检测仪等来测量回收油气浓度。这些仪器能够对油气中的主要成分（如碳氢化合物）进行分析，从而得出准确的浓度数据。

　　Definition and measurement method: The concentration of recovered oil and gas refers to the proportion of oil and gas components in the recovered oil and gas, usually expressed as volume fraction (%) or mass fraction (g/m ?). The concentration of recovered oil and gas can be measured using gas detection instruments such as gas chromatographs or infrared absorption gas detectors. These instruments can analyze the main components in oil and gas, such as hydrocarbons, to obtain accurate concentration data.

　　作用与影响因素：回收油气浓度对于评估后处理装置（如活性炭吸附装置、冷凝装置等）的负荷和处理效果很重要。如果回收油气浓度过高，可能会超出后处理装置的处理能力，导致处理不完全，使部分油气排放到大气中。其浓度受到多种因素的影响，如加油量、汽车油箱内原有油气含量、油气回收系统的密封性等。

　　Function and influencing factors: The concentration of recovered oil and gas is important for evaluating the load and treatment effect of post-treatment devices (such as activated carbon adsorption devices, condensation devices, etc.). If the concentration of recovered oil and gas is too high, it may exceed the processing capacity of the post-treatment device, resulting in incomplete treatment and partial emission of oil and gas into the atmosphere. Its concentration is influenced by various factors, such as the amount of fuel added, the existing oil and gas content in the car's fuel tank, and the sealing of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　回收油气温度

　　Recovery oil and gas temperature

　　影响因素与变化范围：回收油气温度主要受到环境温度、油品温度以及油气回收过程中的能量转换等因素的影响。一般情况下，回收油气温度在环境温度到油品温度之间波动。例如，在夏季高温环境下，回收油气温度可能会相对较高；而在冬季，温度则会较低。其温度范围可能在 - 20℃到60℃左右，具体取决于加油站所处的地理位置和季节。

　　Influencing factors and range of variation: The temperature of recovered oil and gas is mainly affected by environmental temperature, oil temperature, and energy conversion during the oil and gas recovery process. In general, the temperature of recovered oil and gas fluctuates between ambient temperature and oil temperature. For example, in high temperature environments during summer, the temperature of recovered oil and gas may be relatively high; In winter, the temperature will be lower. The temperature range may be around -20 ℃ to 60 ℃, depending on the geographical location and season of the gas station.

　　对系统的影响：回收油气温度会影响油气的物理性质，如密度和体积，进而影响油气流量和油气回收效率。较高的温度会使油气体积膨胀，可能导致油气回收管道内压力升高；同时，温度也会对后处理装置的运行产生影响，如在活性炭吸附过程中，温度过高可能会降低吸附效果。

　　The impact on the system: The temperature of the recovered oil and gas will affect the physical properties of the oil and gas, such as density and volume, which in turn will affect the oil and gas flow rate and oil and gas recovery efficiency. Higher temperatures can cause the volume of oil and gas to expand, which may lead to an increase in pressure inside the oil and gas recovery pipeline; At the same time, temperature can also affect the operation of the post-treatment device. For example, during the adsorption process of activated carbon, excessive temperature may reduce the adsorption effect.

　　液阻

　　Liquid resistance

　　定义与测量方式：液阻是指油气回收管道内由于液体（如油品或冷凝水）积聚对油气流动产生的阻力。通常通过在油气回收管道中设置压力传感器，在一定的油气流量下（如30L/min），测量管道两端的压力差来判断液阻大小。例如，当压力差超过规定值（如4.5kPa）时，判定为液阻过大。

　　Definition and measurement method: Liquid resistance refers to the resistance caused by the accumulation of liquid (such as oil or condensate) in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to the flow of oil and gas. Usually, pressure sensors are installed in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to measure the pressure difference at both ends of the pipeline at a certain oil and gas flow rate (such as 30L/min) to determine the size of the liquid resistance. For example, when the pressure difference exceeds the specified value (such as 4.5kPa), it is judged as excessive liquid resistance.

　　危害与解决措施：液阻过大会阻碍油气的正常回收，导致油气不能顺利回到油罐，从而造成油气泄漏。如果发现液阻过大，需要检查油气回收管道是否存在积水、油品积聚或其他堵塞物，及时清理管道以降低液阻，保证油气回收系统的正常运行。

　　Hazards and solutions: Excessive liquid resistance can hinder the normal recovery of oil and gas, resulting in the inability of oil and gas to return to the oil tank smoothly, leading to oil and gas leakage. If excessive liquid resistance is found, it is necessary to check whether there is water accumulation, oil accumulation or other blockages in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, and clean the pipeline in a timely manner to reduce liquid resistance and ensure the normal operation of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　加油枪状态数据

　　Fuel gun status data

　　监测加油枪的关停或启用时间对于加油站的运营管理和安全很重要。可以准确记录每一次加油的开始时间和结束时间，从而统计加油的时长、频率等信息。同时，这也有助于发现异常的加油操作，比如加油枪长时间未关闭等情况。

　　Monitoring the shutdown or activation time of fuel guns is crucial for the operational management and safety of gas stations. It is possible to accurately record the start and end times of each refueling, in order to calculate the duration, frequency, and other information of refueling. At the same time, this also helps to detect abnormal refueling operations, such as situations where the refueling gun has not been turned off for a long time.

　　2.环境数据

　　2. Environmental data

　　油罐压力

　　Oil tank pressure

　　数据重要性：油罐压力是油气回收系统中的关键环境数据。油罐压力的变化直接反映了油罐内油气状态和整个油气回收系统的平衡情况。如果油罐压力过高，可能会导致油罐破裂，引发严重的油品泄漏和安全事故；而压力过低则可能使油罐被吸瘪，损坏油罐结构。

　　Data importance: Tank pressure is a critical environmental data in oil and gas recovery systems. The change in oil tank pressure directly reflects the state of oil and gas inside the tank and the balance of the entire oil and gas recovery system. If the pressure in the oil tank is too high, it may cause the tank to rupture, leading to serious oil leakage and safety accidents; If the pressure is too low, it may cause the oil tank to collapse and damage its structure.

　　正常范围及影响因素：正常情况下，油罐压力一般在 - 0.3kPa到6kPa之间波动。其压力受到油品进出量、温度变化、油气回收速度等多种因素的影响。例如，在卸油过程中，随着油品快速注入油罐，罐内油气被压缩，压力会升高；当外界温度升高时，罐内油气膨胀，压力也会增大。

　　Normal range and influencing factors: Under normal circumstances, the pressure of the oil tank generally fluctuates between -0.3kPa and 6kPa. Its pressure is influenced by various factors such as the inflow and outflow of oil products, temperature changes, and the speed of oil and gas recovery. For example, during the unloading process, as the oil is rapidly injected into the tank, the oil and gas inside the tank are compressed, and the pressure will increase; When the external temperature rises, the oil and gas inside the tank expand, and the pressure also increases.

　　监控目的：通过在线监控油罐压力，可以实时掌握油罐的安全状态。当压力接近或超出设定的安全范围时，系统能够及时发出警报，提醒工作人员采取措施，如调整油气回收速度、检查油罐通气系统等，以确保油罐的安全和油气回收系统的正常运行。

　　Monitoring purpose: By monitoring the pressure of the oil tank online, the safety status of the tank can be monitored in real time. When the pressure approaches or exceeds the set safety range, the system can issue an alarm in a timely manner to remind the staff to take measures, such as adjusting the oil and gas recovery speed, checking the oil tank ventilation system, etc., to ensure the safety of the oil tank and the normal operation of the oil and gas recovery system.

　　液阻压力

　　Liquid resistance pressure

　　数据重要性：液阻压力是指油气回收管道内由于液体（如油品或冷凝水）积聚对油气流动产生的阻力所对应的压力。液阻压力过大意味着油气回收管道可能存在堵塞问题，这会阻碍油气的正常回收，导致油气泄漏。

　　Data importance: Liquid resistance pressure refers to the pressure corresponding to the resistance caused by the accumulation of liquid (such as oil or condensate) in the oil and gas recovery pipeline to the flow of oil and gas. Excessive hydraulic resistance pressure means that there may be blockage in the oil and gas recovery pipeline, which can hinder the normal recovery of oil and gas and lead to oil and gas leakage.

　　测量及判断标准：通常在油气回收管道中设置压力传感器，在一定的油气流量下（如30L/min），测量管道两端的压力差来判断液阻压力是否正常。当这个压力差超过规定值（如4.5kPa）时，判定为液阻过大。

　　Measurement and judgment criteria: Pressure sensors are usually installed in oil and gas recovery pipelines to measure the pressure difference at both ends of the pipeline at a certain oil and gas flow rate (such as 30L/min) to determine whether the hydraulic resistance pressure is normal. When the pressure difference exceeds the specified value (such as 4.5kPa), it is judged as excessive liquid resistance.

　　监控目的：对液阻压力进行在线监控，可以及时发现油气回收管道的堵塞情况。一旦液阻压力异常升高，工作人员能够及时清理管道内的积液，检查管道的排水设施，确保油气回收管道的畅通，提高油气回收效率，减少油气泄漏风险。

　　Monitoring purpose: Online monitoring of hydraulic resistance pressure can promptly detect blockages in oil and gas recovery pipelines. Once the hydraulic resistance pressure rises abnormally, the staff can promptly clean the accumulated liquid in the pipeline, inspect the drainage facilities of the pipeline, ensure the smooth flow of the oil and gas recovery pipeline, improve the efficiency of oil and gas recovery, and reduce the risk of oil and gas leakage.

　　油气空间（油罐内）

　　Oil and gas space (inside the oil tank)

　　数据重要性：油罐内的油气空间大小影响着油气的压力、浓度等参数。它与油品的存储量、油罐的大小以及油气的产生和回收情况密切相关。了解油气空间有助于准确评估油罐内的油气状态和潜在的安全风险。

　　Data importance: The size of the oil and gas space inside the oil tank affects parameters such as pressure and concentration of the oil and gas. It is closely related to the storage capacity of oil products, the size of oil tanks, and the production and recovery of oil and gas. Understanding the oil and gas space helps to accurately assess the oil and gas status and potential safety risks inside the oil tank.

　　计算与影响因素：油气空间可以通过油罐的总体积减去油品体积来计算。其大小受到油品的进出、温度变化引起的体积变化等因素的影响。例如，在高温环境下，油品体积膨胀，油气空间相对减小；而在卸油过程中，随着油品的增加，油气空间也会相应减小。

　　Calculation and influencing factors: The oil and gas space can be calculated by subtracting the volume of oil products from the total volume of the oil tank. Its size is affected by factors such as the inflow and outflow of oil, volume changes caused by temperature changes, etc. For example, in high temperature environments, the volume of oil expands and the oil and gas space relatively decreases; During the unloading process, as the amount of oil increases, the oil and gas space will also decrease accordingly.

　　监控目的：通过监控油气空间，工作人员可以更好地掌握油罐内的油气动态。结合其他环境数据（如油罐压力、油气浓度），可以提前预测可能出现的安全问题，如油气空间过小可能导致压力急剧上升，从而采取相应的措施，如控制卸油速度、加强油气回收等。

　　Monitoring purpose: By monitoring the oil and gas space, staff can better grasp the oil and gas dynamics inside the oil tank. By combining other environmental data such as tank pressure and oil and gas concentration, potential safety issues can be predicted in advance. For example, a small oil and gas space may lead to a sharp increase in pressure, and corresponding measures can be taken, such as controlling the unloading speed and strengthening oil and gas recovery.

　　卸油区油气浓度

　　Oil and gas concentration in the unloading area

　　数据重要性：卸油区油气浓度是反映卸油过程中油气泄漏情况的重要指标。高浓度的油气在卸油区聚集，不仅会对环境造成污染，还存在较大的安全隐患，因为油气遇到火源很容易引发火灾或爆炸。

　　Data importance: The concentration of oil and gas in the unloading area is an important indicator reflecting the leakage of oil and gas during the unloading process. High concentrations of oil and gas accumulate in the unloading area, which not only pollutes the environment but also poses significant safety hazards, as oil and gas can easily cause fires or explosions when exposed to a source of fire.

　　正常范围及测量方法：卸油区油气浓度一般应低于当地环保和安全规定的标准，例如，油气浓度应控制在爆炸下限的一定比例以下（通常为25%左右）。可以使用气体检测仪器，如可燃气体检测仪来实时测量卸油区的油气浓度。

　　Normal range and measurement method: The oil and gas concentration in the unloading area should generally be lower than the local environmental and safety regulations. For example, the oil and gas concentration should be controlled below a certain proportion of the lower explosive limit (usually around 25%). Gas detection instruments, such as combustible gas detectors, can be used to measure the concentration of oil and gas in the unloading area in real time.

　　监控目的：对卸油区油气浓度进行在线监控，能够及时发现卸油过程中的油气泄漏情况。当浓度超过安全阈值时，系统会发出警报，工作人员可以立即停止卸油操作，检查卸油设备和油气回收系统的密封性，采取通风等措施降低油气浓度，确保卸油区的安全。

　　Monitoring purpose: To monitor the oil and gas concentration in the unloading area online, and to promptly detect oil and gas leaks during the unloading process. When the concentration exceeds the safety threshold, the system will issue an alarm, and the staff can immediately stop the oil unloading operation, check the sealing of the oil unloading equipment and oil and gas recovery system, take ventilation and other measures to reduce the oil and gas concentration, and ensure the safety of the oil unloading area.

　　后处理装置排放浓度

　　Emission concentration of post-treatment device

　　数据重要性：后处理装置排放浓度直接反映了油气回收后处理的效果。如果后处理装置排放浓度过高，说明油气处理不完全，会导致大量油气排放到大气中，对环境造成污染，违反环保法规。

　　Data importance: The emission concentration of the post-treatment device directly reflects the effectiveness of oil and gas recovery post-treatment. If the emission concentration of the post-treatment device is too high, it indicates incomplete oil and gas treatment, which will lead to a large amount of oil and gas emissions into the atmosphere, causing pollution to the environment and violating environmental regulations.

　　标准及检测手段：后处理装置排放浓度应符合国家和地方的环保排放标准，例如，排放口的油气浓度一般要求低于25g/m?。可以通过安装在排放口的气体检测仪器，如催化燃烧式检测仪等进行检测。

　　Standards and testing methods: The emission concentration of the post-treatment device should comply with national and local environmental emission standards. For example, the oil and gas concentration at the discharge outlet is generally required to be less than 25g/m?. It can be detected through gas detection instruments installed at the exhaust outlet, such as catalytic combustion detectors.

　　监控目的：在线监控后处理装置排放浓度，有助于及时发现后处理装置的故障或处理效果不佳的情况。当排放浓度超标时，能够提醒工作人员对后处理装置进行维护、调整或更换，确保油气经过处理后达标排放，减少对大气环境的污染。

　　Monitoring purpose: Online monitoring of the emission concentration of the post-treatment device helps to timely detect faults or poor treatment effects of the post-treatment device. When the emission concentration exceeds the standard, it can remind the staff to maintain, adjust or replace the post-treatment device to ensure that the oil and gas are discharged in compliance after treatment, reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment.

　　油气温度

　　Oil and gas temperature

　　数据重要性：油气温度会影响油气的物理性质，如密度、体积和蒸气压等。这些物理性质的变化又会对油罐压力、油气流量和油气回收效率等产生影响。例如，较高的油气温度会使油气体积膨胀，可能导致油罐压力升高，同时也会影响油气回收管道内的压力和流量。

　　Data importance: Oil and gas temperature can affect the physical properties of oil and gas, such as density, volume, and vapor pressure. These changes in physical properties will also have an impact on oil tank pressure, oil and gas flow rate, and oil and gas recovery efficiency. For example, higher oil and gas temperatures can cause the volume of oil and gas to expand, which may lead to an increase in tank pressure and also affect the pressure and flow rate inside the oil and gas recovery pipeline.

　　变化范围及影响因素：油气温度的变化范围通常与环境温度和油品温度有关，一般在 - 20℃到60℃左右。其主要受季节变化、油品温度、太阳辐射等因素的影响。在夏季，油气温度可能较高；而在冬季，温度则较低。

　　Change range and influencing factors: The change range of oil and gas temperature is usually related to the ambient temperature and oil temperature, generally around -20 ℃ to 60 ℃. It is mainly affected by factors such as seasonal changes, oil temperature, and solar radiation. In summer, oil and gas temperatures may be higher; In winter, the temperature is lower.

　　监控目的：通过在线监控油气温度，可以更好地理解油气的状态变化。结合其他环境数据（如油罐压力、油气流量），可以提前预测和预防可能出现的问题，如在高温环境下提前采取措施防止油罐压力过高，或者在低温环境下注意防止油气中的某些成分凝结而堵塞管道。

　　Monitoring purpose: By monitoring the temperature of oil and gas online, we can better understand the changes in the state of oil and gas. By combining other environmental data such as tank pressure and oil and gas flow rate, possible problems can be predicted and prevented in advance, such as taking measures to prevent excessive tank pressure in high-temperature environments, or paying attention to preventing certain components in oil and gas from condensing and blocking pipelines in low-temperature environments.

　　3.报警数据

　　3. Alarm data

　　气液比报警数据

　　Gas liquid ratio alarm data

　　当计算得出的气液比超出预设范围（如小于1.0或大于1.2）时，系统记录报警时间、加油枪编号、当时的加油流量和油气回收流量等数据。这些数据有助于工作人员快速定位问题加油枪，判断是加油设备故障还是油气回收系统故障。

　　When the calculated gas-liquid ratio exceeds the preset range (such as less than 1.0 or greater than 1.2), the system records data such as alarm time, fuel gun number, current fuel flow rate, and oil and gas recovery flow rate. These data help staff quickly locate problematic fuel guns and determine whether it is a malfunction in the refueling equipment or the oil and gas recovery system.

　　密闭性报警数据

　　Sealing alarm data

　　油气回收系统密闭性测试不达标时，系统记录报警时间、压力下降数据（如在规定时间内压力下降超过500Pa）以及测试时的系统状态（如是否正在进行卸油或加油操作）。这些数据可以帮助排查系统泄漏点，因为泄漏可能发生在管道连接部位、阀门或设备密封处等。

　　When the airtightness test of the oil and gas recovery system fails to meet the standard, the system records the alarm time, pressure drop data (such as pressure drop exceeding 500Pa within the specified time), and the system status during the test (such as whether unloading or refueling operations are in progress). These data can help identify system leakage points, as leaks may occur at pipeline connections, valve or equipment seals, etc.

　　液阻报警数据

　　Liquid resistance alarm data

　　当油气回收管道液阻超过规定值（如在30L/min的油气流量下，管道两端压力差大于4.5kPa）时，系统记录报警时间、管道位置（如靠近油罐端还是加油枪端）、当时的油气流量等数据。这有助于确定液阻产生的具体位置，可能是由于管道积水、油品积聚或其他堵塞物导致。

　　When the liquid resistance of the oil and gas recovery pipeline exceeds the specified value (such as when the pressure difference between the two ends of the pipeline is greater than 4.5kPa at an oil and gas flow rate of 30L/min), the system records the alarm time, pipeline position (such as near the oil tank end or the refueling gun end), and the oil and gas flow rate at that time. This helps determine the specific location of liquid resistance, which may be caused by pipeline water accumulation, oil accumulation, or other blockages.

　　油罐压力报警数据

　　Oil tank pressure alarm data

　　油罐压力超过上限（如6kPa）或低于下限（如 - 0.3kPa）时，系统记录报警时间、压力极值、当时油品进出情况（如是否在卸油或加油）等数据。这些数据可以帮助分析油罐压力异常的原因，例如卸油速度过快导致压力过高，或者油罐通气阀故障导致压力过低。

　　When the pressure of the oil tank exceeds the upper limit (such as 6kPa) or falls below the lower limit (such as -0.3kPa), the system records data such as alarm time, extreme pressure, and the inflow and outflow of oil products at that time (such as whether unloading or refueling is in progress). These data can help analyze the causes of abnormal pressure in oil tanks, such as excessive unloading speed leading to high pressure, or tank vent valve failure leading to low pressure.

　　油罐零压报警数据

　　Zero pressure alarm data for oil tanks

　　当油罐内压力接近0kPa时，系统记录报警时间、压力变化趋势（是逐渐趋近还是突然达到零压）等数据。这有助于发现油罐压力平衡机制是否出现问题，如油气回收系统和油罐通气系统之间的协调故障。

　　When the pressure inside the oil tank approaches 0kPa, the system records data such as alarm time and pressure change trend (whether it gradually approaches or suddenly reaches zero pressure). This helps to identify whether there are issues with the pressure balance mechanism of the oil tank, such as coordination failures between the oil and gas recovery system and the tank ventilation system.

　　压力/真空阀状态报警数据

　　Pressure/vacuum valve status alarm data

　　当压力/真空阀不能正常开启或关闭时，系统记录报警时间、阀门位置（如开启还是关闭状态异常）、油罐当时的压力情况等数据。这些数据有助于判断阀门故障的类型，是机械故障（如阀瓣卡住）还是压力传感器故障导致的误判。

　　When the pressure/vacuum valve cannot be opened or closed normally, the system records the alarm time, valve position (such as abnormal opening or closing status), and the pressure situation of the oil tank at that time. These data help to determine the type of valve failure, whether it is a mechanical fault (such as valve disc jamming) or a misjudgment caused by pressure sensor failure.

　　压力/真空阀临界压力状态报警数据

　　Pressure/Vacuum Valve Critical Pressure Status Alarm Data

　　当压力/真空阀接近其开启压力（如正压5kPa左右）或真空值（如负压 - 0.2kPa左右）时，系统记录报警时间、当前压力/真空阀的压力值、油罐内压力变化趋势等数据。这些数据可以提前预警油罐压力可能出现的异常变化，让工作人员及时采取措施。

　　When the pressure/vacuum valve approaches its opening pressure (such as positive pressure of about 5kPa) or vacuum value (such as negative pressure of about 0.2kPa), the system records data such as alarm time, current pressure/vacuum valve pressure value, and pressure change trend inside the oil tank. These data can provide early warning of possible abnormal changes in oil tank pressure, allowing staff to take timely measures.

　　后处理装置状态报警数据

　　Post processing device status alarm data

　　当后处理装置出现风机故障（如转速为0r/min）、温度过高（如超过50℃）或吸附剂饱和等情况时，系统记录报警时间、装置类型（如活性炭吸附装置）、具体故障参数（如风机停止时间、最高温度值）等数据。这些数据有助于维修人员快速定位后处理装置的故障点，进行针对性维修。

　　When the post-processing device experiences fan failure (such as a speed of 0r/min), high temperature (such as exceeding 50 ℃), or adsorbent saturation, the system records alarm time, device type (such as activated carbon adsorption device), specific fault parameters (such as fan stop time, maximum temperature value), and other data. These data help maintenance personnel quickly locate the fault point of the post-processing device and carry out targeted repairs.

　　后处理装置排放浓度报警数据

　　Post processing device emission concentration alarm data

　　当后处理装置排放口的油气浓度超过规定排放标准（如25g/m?）时，系统记录报警时间、排放浓度值、当时的油气处理流量等数据。这些数据可以帮助评估后处理装置的处理效果，以及是否需要对装置进行维护或调整。

　　When the oil and gas concentration at the discharge outlet of the post-treatment device exceeds the prescribed emission standard (such as 25g/m? ）At that time, the system records data such as alarm time, emission concentration value, and oil and gas processing flow rate at that time. These data can help evaluate the processing effectiveness of the post-processing device and determine whether maintenance or adjustment of the device is necessary.

　　卸油回气管状态报警数据

　　Unloading oil return pipe status alarm data

　　当卸油回气管出现堵塞、断开或者压力、流量异常时，系统记录报警时间、管道状态（如堵塞位置）、当时的卸油情况（如卸油速度、油罐压力）等数据。这些数据有助于排查卸油回气管的故障，确保卸油过程中的油气回收。

　　When the oil discharge return pipe is blocked, disconnected, or experiences abnormal pressure or flow, the system records data such as alarm time, pipeline status (such as blockage location), and the unloading situation at that time (such as unloading speed, tank pressure). These data are helpful in troubleshooting faults in the oil discharge return pipe and ensuring the recovery of oil and gas during the unloading process.

　　4.故障数据

　　4. Fault data

　　设备故障数据

　　Equipment malfunction data

　　记录油气回收系统中各种设备（如加油枪、油气回收泵、后处理装置中的风机和泵等）的故障情况。包括故障设备名称、故障代码（如果有）、故障发生时间、故障恢复时间等。例如，加油枪的自封装置故障，系统会记录故障加油枪编号、故障发生的具体时间，以及维修后恢复正常的时间。

　　Record the malfunctions of various equipment in the oil and gas recovery system, such as refueling guns, oil and gas recovery pumps, fans and pumps in the post-treatment device, etc. Including the name of the faulty equipment, fault code (if any), time of fault occurrence, time of fault recovery, etc. For example, if the self sealing device of a fuel gun malfunctions, the system will record the faulty fuel gun number, the specific time when the malfunction occurred, and the time it took to restore normal operation after repair.

　　通信故障数据

　　Communication fault data

　　油气回收在线监控系统与各个传感器或设备之间的通信可能会出现故障。当出现通信中断时，系统记录通信故障发生时间、涉及的设备或传感器（如某个油罐的压力传感器）、通信恢复时间等数据。这有助于确保监控数据的完整性和准确性，及时发现通信链路中的问题。

　　The communication between the oil and gas recovery online monitoring system and various sensors or devices may malfunction. When communication interruption occurs, the system records data such as the time of communication failure, the equipment or sensors involved (such as a pressure sensor of a certain oil tank), and the time of communication recovery. This helps ensure the integrity and accuracy of monitoring data, and promptly identify issues in the communication link.

　　传感器故障数据

　　Sensor malfunction data

　　压力传感器、流量传感器、浓度传感器等可能会出现故障。系统记录传感器故障类型（如零点漂移、信号中断等）、故障发生时间、故障传感器位置（如某一管道上的流量传感器）等数据。传感器故障可能会导致监控数据失真，及时发现和处理传感器故障对于系统的正常运行至关重要。

　　Pressure sensors, flow sensors, concentration sensors, etc. may malfunction. The system records data such as the type of sensor failure (such as zero drift, signal interruption, etc.), the time of occurrence of the failure, and the location of the faulty sensor (such as a flow sensor on a pipeline). Sensor failures may cause distortion of monitoring data, and timely detection and handling of sensor failures is crucial for the normal operation of the system.

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