一、概述

　　I. Overview

　　(一)油气回收定义

　　（1） Definition of oil and gas recovery

　　一般所说的油气回收指的是油库油气回收和加油站油气回收。油库油气回收指鹤管装车挥发的油气和油库挥发的油气通过管道收集起来之后，采用吸附、吸收或冷凝等工艺，使油气从气态转变为液态汽油.达到回收利用的目的。加油站油气回收是指装卸汽油和加油过程中，采用吸附、吸收或冷凝等工艺，使油气从气态转变为液态汽油，达到回收利用的目的。

　　The commonly referred to oil and gas recovery refers to the recovery of oil and gas from oil depots and gas stations. Oil and gas recovery in oil depots refers to the collection of volatile oil and gas from crane trucks and oil depots through pipelines, and the use of adsorption, absorption, or condensation processes to convert the oil and gas from a gaseous state to liquid gasoline To achieve the goal of recycling and reuse. Gas station oil and gas recovery refers to the use of adsorption, absorption, or condensation processes during the loading, unloading, and refueling of gasoline to transform the gas into liquid gasoline, achieving the purpose of recycling and utilization.

　　(二)油气的产生

　　（2） The generation of oil and gas

　　油气一般产生的原因是低沸点油料组分蒸发而形成。蒸发严重的前提就是低沸点的组分越来越多。这样的话，对油料的质量影响会越来越严重。因此由于以上的原因，原油和汽油容易造成蒸发损失。挥发出来的油气不仅造成石油资源的浪费，同时也给环境带来巨大的污染和许多安全隐患，因此，油气回收有着非常重要的意义。

　　The general cause of oil and gas production is the evaporation of low boiling point oil components. The premise of severe evaporation is that there are more and more components with low boiling points. In this case, the impact on the quality of oil will become increasingly severe. Therefore, due to the above reasons, crude oil and gasoline are prone to evaporation losses. The volatile oil and gas not only cause waste of petroleum resources, but also bring huge pollution and many safety hazards to the environment. Therefore, oil and gas recovery is of great significance.

　　1、减少对环境的污染:

　　1. Reduce environmental pollution:

　　油气的主要成分为丁烷、戊烷、苯、二甲苯、乙基苯等各类污染物质，对大气会产生污染。在油气装卸和储运等过程中，油箱、油罐等会因压力的波动产生大量的油气，从而导致大量的油气排放。数据显示，储存天数越多，气液体积比越大，排.放的油气就越多。因此，通过油气回收，可以减少油气对大气的污染。

　　The main components of oil and gas are various pollutants such as butane, pentane, benzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, etc., which can cause pollution to the atmosphere. During the process of oil and gas loading, unloading, storage, and transportation, large amounts of oil and gas are generated due to pressure fluctuations in oil tanks, resulting in a significant amount of oil and gas emissions. The data shows that the more days of storage, the larger the gas-liquid volume ratio, and the more discharged The more oil and gas is released. Therefore, through oil and gas recovery, the pollution of oil and gas to the atmosphere can be reduced.

　　2、有利于消除安全隐患

　　2. Beneficial for eliminating safety hazards

　　加油站的汽油储罐一般采用高空管道的方式排放油气，当槽车往油罐内卸油时，呼吸阀会排放大量的汽油蒸汽，当排放的汽油蒸汽遇到静电或火星时，就会发生爆炸。因此，通过油气回收，可以消除燃烧和爆炸等安全隐患。

　　The gasoline storage tanks at gas stations generally use high-altitude pipelines to discharge oil and gas. When the tanker unloads oil into the tank, the breathing valve will release a large amount of gasoline vapor. When the discharged gasoline vapor encounters static electricity or sparks, it will explode. Therefore, through oil and gas recovery, safety hazards such as combustion and explosion can be eliminated.

　　3、减少资源浪费

　　3. Reduce resource waste

　　采用相应的油气回收技术，把油气回收回来就等于节约了资源。数据表明，油气损耗占原油总产量的1.9%，我国2010年石油消耗量4亿吨，油气资源损耗约为76万吨。如果进行回收利用，等于减少了资源的浪费，同时向大气中少排放了76万吨碳氢化合物。

　　By adopting corresponding oil and gas recovery technologies, recovering oil and gas is equivalent to saving resources. The data shows that oil and gas losses account for 1.9% of the total crude oil production. In 2010, China's oil consumption was 400 million tons, and the loss of oil and gas resources was about 760000 tons. If recycling is carried out, it is equivalent to reducing resource waste and reducing the emission of 760000 tons of hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.

　　二、现阶段油气回收技术

　　2、 Current oil and gas recovery technology

　　(一)吸收法油气回收技术

　　（1） Absorption based oil and gas recovery technology

　　吸收法回收油气基本流程为:油气进入吸收塔，被从塔项喷淋的吸收剂吸收。在真空解吸罐，通过真空抽吸，将溶于吸收剂中的油气解吸。再生的吸收剂用泵送至吸收塔循环使用。解吸的油气被真空泵送至再吸收塔，被塔顶喷淋下来的贫油(汽油)吸收，未被吸收的少量油气进吸收塔循环吸收。吸收法油气回收有以下两个缺点:吸收过程是对全部油气的吸收，因此吸收塔的规模需要很大，将会占用很大的空间。采用吸收法进行油气回收，回收率不足90%。

　　The basic process of oil and gas recovery by absorption method is: oil and gas enter the absorption tower and are absorbed by the absorbent sprayed from the tower. In the vacuum desorption tank, the oil and gas dissolved in the absorbent are desorbed by vacuum suction. The regenerated absorbent is pumped to the absorption tower for recycling. The desorbed oil and gas are vacuum pumped to the reabsorbing tower and absorbed by the lean oil (gasoline) sprayed down from the top of the tower. The small amount of unabsorbed oil and gas is circulated and absorbed in the absorption tower. The absorption method for oil and gas recovery has two disadvantages: the absorption process involves the absorption of all oil and gas, so the scale of the absorption tower needs to be large, which will occupy a lot of space. The absorption method is used for oil and gas recovery, with a recovery rate of less than 90%.

　　(二)膜分离法油气回收技术

　　（2） Membrane separation method for oil and gas recovery technology

　　膜分离油气回收技术属于溶解扩散机理新型气体分离技术，其分离的推动力为气体各组分在膜两侧的分压差，通过气体各组分通过膜时的渗透速率不同来进行气体分离。

　　Membrane separation oil and gas recovery technology belongs to a new type of gas separation technology based on dissolution diffusion mechanism. The driving force for separation is the partial pressure difference of gas components on both sides of the membrane, which is achieved by the different permeation rates of gas components through the membrane.

　　在实际运行过程中，油气混合气体首先进入吸收塔，经轻质油吸收后的油气再进入膜分离系统。富含VOCs的渗透气流膜截留侧的气体中VoCs浓度最低可到510g/m3。在这个过程中，实际上等于是吸收+膜分离的组合工艺。因为膜分离需要对油气加压，所以系统中需要增加一个液环压缩机。

　　In actual operation, the mixed gas of oil and gas first enters the absorption tower, and the oil and gas absorbed by light oil then enter the membrane separation system. The lowest concentration of VoCs in the gas on the interception side of the permeable gas flow membrane rich in VOCs can reach 510g/m3. In this process, it is actually a combination process of absorption and membrane separation. Because membrane separation requires pressurization of oil and gas, an additional liquid ring compressor is needed in the system.

　　（三）冷凝法油气回收技术

　　（3） Condensation based oil and gas recovery technology

　　利用冷冻的方法，将油气的热量置换出来，使油气各组分温度低于凝点从气态变为液态，实现回收利用。

　　By using the method of freezing, the heat of oil and gas is replaced, so that the temperature of each component of the oil and gas is lower than the condensation point and changes from gas to liquid, achieving recycling and utilization.

　　冷凝法油气回收技术的优点是工艺简单，安全性能好，回收物直接为油品。纯冷凝法油气回收装置可将油气温度降 至-120~-100℃。 装置耗电量仅为0.2KW h/m3油气，用电量与活性炭吸附法持平。

　　The advantages of condensation based oil and gas recovery technology are simple process, good safety performance, and direct recovery of oil products. The pure condensation method oil and gas recovery device can reduce the temperature of oil and gas to -120~-100 ℃. The power consumption of the device is only 0.2KW/m3 of oil and gas, which is equivalent to that of the activated carbon adsorption method.

　　(四)吸附法油气回收技术

　　（4） Adsorption based oil and gas recovery technology

　　各含烃气体通过吸附剂床层，其中烃类被吸附剂吸附，吸附过程在常温常压下进行。吸附剂达到一定的饱和度后，进行抽真空减压再生，再生过程中脱附出的油气再用油品进行吸收，吸收后的贫气再返回到吸附过程进行吸附。

　　Each hydrocarbon containing gas passes through the adsorbent bed, where hydrocarbons are adsorbed by the adsorbent, and the adsorption process is carried out at room temperature and pressure. After the adsorbent reaches a certain saturation, it is subjected to vacuum and pressure reduction regeneration. The desorbed oil and gas during the regeneration process are then absorbed by the oil product, and the absorbed lean gas is returned to the adsorption process for adsorption.

　　主要工艺单元包括油气收集、吸附过程、再生过程、压缩过程、吸收过程、换热和密封。吸附法的最大优点就是可以通过改变吸附和再生运行的工作条件来控制出口气体中油气的浓度。缺点是工艺复杂、吸附床层易产生高温热点。

　　The main process units include oil and gas collection, adsorption process, regeneration process, compression process, absorption process, heat exchange and sealing. The biggest advantage of adsorption method is that it can control the concentration of oil and gas in the outlet gas by changing the working conditions of adsorption and regeneration operation. The disadvantage is that the process is complex and the adsorption bed layer is prone to generate high-temperature hotspots.

　　三、总结

　　3. Summary

　　从以上各类油气回收技术可以看出，随着我国对环境保护的日益重视，发展单一的油气回收方式已不能较好的解决油气回收问题，所以应当根据不同的场合需要采用不同的油气回收方法甚至是多种回收方法的联合使用。“

　　From the various oil and gas recovery technologies mentioned above, it can be seen that with the increasing emphasis on environmental protection in China, the development of a single oil and gas recovery method can no longer effectively solve the problem of oil and gas recovery. Therefore, different oil and gas recovery methods or even the combination of multiple recovery methods should be adopted according to the needs of different occasions. “

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