某厂于2015年新建300Nm?/h油气回收处理装置一套，油气处理装置采用活性炭吸附、抽真空解析的工艺回收装车汽油油气。但是油气回收装置投用以来，处理效率经常不达标。经过认真分析和不断摸索，最终通过油气降温、调整解析压力等工艺优化手段有效解决了这一问题。

　　A certain factory built a set of 300Nm?/h oil and gas recovery and treatment equipment in 2015. The oil and gas treatment equipment adopts the process of activated carbon adsorption and vacuum analysis to recover gasoline oil and gas from truck loading. However, since the oil and gas recovery device was put into use, the processing efficiency often fails to meet the standard. After careful analysis and continuous exploration, this problem was effectively solved through process optimization methods such as oil and gas cooling and adjusting analytical pressure.

　　【关键字】：油气回收装置，油气挥发，活性炭吸附，处理效率，环境污染

　　【 Keywords 】: Oil and gas recovery device, oil and gas volatilization, activated carbon adsorption, treatment efficiency, environmental pollution

　　一、油气回收处理装置介绍

　　1、 Introduction to Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment Equipment

　　1、工作原理

　　1. Working principle

　　装车油气在微正压的作用下，经气相收集管线进入活性炭罐，油气流经活性炭床时，油气中的轻烃组分绝大部分被活性炭吸附，剩余少量未被吸附的轻烃与空气，从活性炭罐的顶部达标排放，随着活性炭吸附油气量的增加，活性炭床逐渐饱和，系统自动切换到另一个活性炭罐继续吸附油气。

　　Under the action of slight positive pressure, the loaded oil and gas enter the activated carbon tank through the gas phase collection pipeline. When the oil and gas flow through the activated carbon bed, the majority of the light hydrocarbon components in the oil and gas are adsorbed by the activated carbon, and the remaining small amount of unadsorbed light hydrocarbons and air are discharged from the top of the activated carbon tank to meet the standard. As the amount of oil and gas adsorbed by the activated carbon increases, the activated carbon bed gradually saturates, and the system automatically switches to another activated carbon tank to continue adsorbing oil and gas.

　　启动真空泵，对完成吸附的活性炭罐进行抽真空脱附，油气经真空泵输送到吸收塔底部，同时通过贫油泵将罐内的汽油送入吸收塔顶部喷淋，将油气吸收，吸收油气后的汽油被富油泵输送回汽油罐内。

　　Start the vacuum pump to perform vacuum desorption on the activated carbon canister that has completed adsorption. The oil and gas are transported to the bottom of the absorption tower through the vacuum pump, and the gasoline in the canister is sprayed at the top of the absorption tower through the lean oil pump to absorb the oil and gas. The absorbed gasoline is then pumped back to the gasoline tank by the rich oil pump.

　　活性炭罐脱附再生流程完成后，进行破真空作业，使活性炭罐内压力恢复常压。此时正在进行吸附油气的活性炭罐，已完成吸附流程，两个活性炭罐进行切换，将完成真空脱附的活性炭罐投入吸附油气作业，对吸附完成的活性炭罐进行脱附再生，从而实现活性炭吸附、脱附的连续切换循环作业。

　　After the desorption and regeneration process of the activated carbon canister is completed, the vacuum breaking operation is carried out to restore the pressure inside the activated carbon canister to normal pressure. At this time, the activated carbon canister for adsorbing oil and gas is in progress. The adsorption process has been completed, and two activated carbon canisters are being switched. The activated carbon canister that has completed vacuum desorption is put into the operation of adsorbing oil and gas, and the adsorbed activated carbon canister is desorbed and regenerated, thus achieving a continuous switching cycle of activated carbon adsorption and desorption.

　　2、达西批发站油气回收装置竣工验收检测情况

　　2. Completion acceptance and testing of oil and gas recovery equipment at Darcy wholesale station

　　2015年10月底达西批发站油气回收装置正式投用，10月22日经第三方检测机构甘肃国信润达分析测试中心对油气回收装置出口气体中非甲烷总烃含量进行采样分析，结果显示三组检测数据中出口油气浓度均低于25g/m?，处理效率均高于95%。检测结果达到了《储油库大气污染物排放标准（GB20950-2007）》指标要求。

　　At the end of October 2015, the oil and gas recovery unit at Darcy Wholesale Station was officially put into use. On October 22, a third-party testing organization, Gansu Guoxin Runda Analysis and Testing Center, sampled and analyzed the non methane total hydrocarbon content in the outlet gas of the oil and gas recovery unit. The results showed that the concentration of the outlet oil and gas in the three sets of testing data was lower than 25g/m? The processing efficiency is higher than 95%. The test results have met the requirements of the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks (GB20950-2007)".

　　二、油气回收装置存在的问题

　　2、 Problems with oil and gas recovery equipment

　　从2016年3月份开始油气回收装置经公司环监部监测站检测多次出现了出口油气排放浓度和处理效率不达标的情况。经过查阅资料对活性炭油气吸附能力、油气温度、脱附压力以及运行工艺的全面调查和分析，认为造成这一现状的主要原因有两个：

　　Since March 2016, the oil and gas recovery unit has been repeatedly tested by the company's environmental supervision department monitoring station, and there have been cases where the export oil and gas emission concentration and treatment efficiency do not meet the standards. After a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the adsorption capacity, oil and gas temperature, desorption pressure, and operating process of activated carbon, it is believed that there are two main reasons for this situation:

　　（1）脱附压力设定过低，造成活性炭吸附时间长吸附饱和，油气直排。

　　(1) The desorption pressure is set too low, resulting in long adsorption time and saturation of activated carbon, leading to direct discharge of oil and gas.

　　活性炭脱附真空度设定值为3kPa，真空泵将碳罐抽至3kPa需要耗时25分钟，整个脱附过程共计需要30分钟。等到脱附作业完成后，另一个碳罐才能停止吸附作业进行切换，因此碳罐的吸附时间也长达30分钟，导致活性炭吸附饱和，后续的装车油气无法回收直排。

　　The set value for the vacuum degree of activated carbon desorption is 3kPa, and it takes 25 minutes for the vacuum pump to pump the carbon canister to 3kPa. The entire desorption process takes a total of 30 minutes. After the desorption operation is completed, the other carbon canister can stop the adsorption operation and switch, so the adsorption time of the carbon canister is also as long as 30 minutes, resulting in saturation of activated carbon adsorption, and subsequent loading oil and gas cannot be recovered and discharged directly.

　　（2）油气温度过高，造成部分喷淋汽油气化

　　(2) The oil and gas temperature is too high, causing some sprayed gasoline to vaporize

　　高温油气进入吸收塔后，造成部分喷淋汽油气化，油气返回碳罐，增加了碳罐负荷。

　　After the high-temperature oil and gas enter the absorption tower, some of the sprayed gasoline vaporizes, and the oil and gas return to the carbon canister, increasing the load on the canister.

　　1、活性炭油气吸附量和装车油气产生量计算

　　1. Calculation of Activated Carbon Oil and Gas Adsorption Capacity and Loading Oil and Gas Production

　　1.1 活性炭油气吸附量计算

　　1.1 Calculation of Activated Carbon Oil and Gas Adsorption Capacity

　　通过实验得知，活性炭经过多次使用后，活性炭的吸附率为12%，活性炭的脱附效率 31%，将数据带入公示计算。

　　Through experiments, it was found that after multiple uses, the adsorption rate of activated carbon is 12%, and the desorption efficiency of activated carbon is 31%. The data will be included in the published calculation.

　　M吸= M碳×（η吸×η脱）

　　M absorption=M carbon x (η absorption x η desorption)

　　=2000kg ×12% × 31%

　　=2000kg ×12% × 31%

　　=74.4kg

　　=74.4kg

　　每个碳罐的油气吸附量为74.4kg。

　　The oil and gas adsorption capacity of each carbon canister is 74.4kg.

　　1.2 装车油气产生量计算

　　1.2 Calculation of oil and gas production during loading

　　根据公式：    M实=Q气×C入×T

　　According to the formula: M=Q gas x C input x T

　　Q气   装车油气的流量  300m?/h

　　Q Gas Loading Oil and Gas Flow 300m?/h

　　C入入口的油气浓度  600g/m?（装车高峰期浓度监测数据）

　　The oil and gas concentration at the inlet and outlet of C is 600g/m? (Concentration monitoring data during peak loading period)

　　T     吸附时间  30分钟(0.5h)

　　T adsorption time 30 minutes (0.5h)

　　M实=Q气×C入×T

　　M=Q gas x C input x T

　　=300 m?/h×600 g/m?g/m?×0.5h

　　=300 m?/h×600 g/m? g/m? ×0.5h

　　=90kg

　　=90kg

　　实际的油气产生量为90kg。

　　The actual oil and gas production is 90kg.

　　小结：根据计算结果得知，目前的吸附切换时间30分钟产生的实际装车油气量为90kg，而碳罐30分钟的有效吸附量仅为74.4kg，有15.6kg油气不能被活性炭有效吸附从碳罐顶部随空气一起排出，造成了尾气超标，必须减少油气的吸附时间。

　　Summary: According to the calculation results, the actual amount of loaded oil and gas generated by the current adsorption switching time of 30 minutes is 90kg, while the effective adsorption capacity of the carbon canister in 30 minutes is only 74.4kg. 15.6kg of oil and gas cannot be effectively adsorbed by activated carbon and are discharged from the top of the carbon canister along with the air, resulting in excessive exhaust gas. It is necessary to reduce the adsorption time of oil and gas.

　　解决方案：

　　Solution:

　　要缩短活性炭的吸附时间，首先要缩短碳罐的脱附时间，将脱附真空度进行提升，才能有效缩短脱附时间。

　　To shorten the adsorption time of activated carbon, the first step is to shorten the desorption time of the carbon canister and increase the desorption vacuum degree in order to effectively shorten the desorption time.

　　根据实验数据，工业用油气回收装置的脱附真空度一般设定在8kPa-10 kPa就可以达到脱附效果。经过现场测试，将碳罐真空度调整为8kPp，真空泵仅需运行11分钟就可以达到脱附压力，整个脱附过程不到15分钟，比原来的30分钟可以减少一半的时间。

　　According to experimental data, the desorption vacuum degree of industrial oil and gas recovery devices is generally set at 8kPa-10 kPa to achieve desorption effect. After on-site testing, adjusting the vacuum degree of the carbon canister to 8kPp, the vacuum pump only needs to run for 11 minutes to reach the desorption pressure, and the entire desorption process takes less than 15 minutes, which can be reduced by half compared to the original 30 minutes.

　　从活性炭脱附率曲线可以得知，脱附真空度降低、脱附时间缩短后，脱附率也会出现下降，按照8kPa的真空度重新计算了碳罐的油气吸附量和油气产生量。

　　From the desorption rate curve of activated carbon, it can be seen that as the desorption vacuum degree decreases and the desorption time shortens, the desorption rate also decreases. The oil and gas adsorption and production of the carbon canister were recalculated based on a vacuum degree of 8kPa.

　　真空度8kPa脱附时间15分钟时，活性炭的有效吸附量为62.4kg，装车油气量为45kg，装车油气可以全部被活性炭吸附。将真空度调整为8kPa 完全是可行的。

　　When the vacuum degree is 8kPa and the desorption time is 15 minutes, the effective adsorption capacity of activated carbon is 62.4kg, and the amount of loaded oil and gas is 45kg. All loaded oil and gas can be adsorbed by activated carbon. Adjusting the vacuum degree to 8kPa is completely feasible.

　　在8kPa真空度的条件下，活性炭的有效吸附量（红色曲线）在前25分钟吸附量一直大于实际的装车油气量（黄色曲线），在25分钟出现交叉。说明之后的装车油气已经不能被活性炭完全吸附出现了直排的情况。因此，只要把活性炭的吸附时间控制在25分钟以内，完全可以全部吸附。

　　Under the condition of a vacuum degree of 8kPa, the effective adsorption capacity of activated carbon (red curve) remained higher than the actual loading oil and gas volume (yellow curve) for the first 25 minutes, and crossed at 25 minutes. After the explanation, the loaded oil and gas could no longer be completely adsorbed by activated carbon, resulting in direct discharge. Therefore, as long as the adsorption time of activated carbon is controlled within 25 minutes, it can completely adsorb.

　　2、真空泵出口油气温度过高，造成部分喷淋汽油气化

　　2. The oil and gas temperature at the outlet of the vacuum pump is too high, causing some sprayed gasoline to vaporize

　　脱附时油气被真空泵从碳罐抽出压缩后送入吸收塔，经过压缩的油气温度会出现上升，现场检测真空泵的出口的油气温度高达80-90

　　During desorption, the oil and gas are pumped out of the carbon canister by a vacuum pump and compressed before being sent to the absorption tower. The temperature of the compressed oil and gas will rise, and the oil and gas temperature at the outlet of the vacuum pump can reach 80-90 degrees Celsius during on-site testing

　　℃，高温油气直接被送入吸收塔中。

　　At ℃, high-temperature oil and gas are directly sent into the absorption tower.

　　在吸收塔中油气与喷淋汽油逆向接触吸收，过高的油气温度，也会使喷淋汽油因为热传导出现温度上升，进而出现液体气化的现象。喷淋汽油中产生的油气不仅降低了喷淋吸收效果，油气还会从吸收塔顶的气相线返回到碳罐中，加快活性炭吸附饱和，后续进入碳罐的油气无法继续吸附，直接从罐顶与空气一起排出，造成尾气排放超标。

　　In the absorption tower, oil and gas come into reverse contact with the sprayed gasoline for absorption. Excessive oil and gas temperature can also cause the sprayed gasoline to rise in temperature due to thermal conduction, leading to liquid gasification. The oil and gas generated in the spray gasoline not only reduce the spray absorption effect, but also return from the gas phase line at the top of the absorption tower to the carbon canister, accelerating the adsorption saturation of activated carbon. The oil and gas that enter the carbon canister later cannot continue to be adsorbed and are directly discharged from the top of the canister together with the air, resulting in excessive exhaust emissions.

　　现场使用便携式红外线测温仪对吸收塔外壁温度进行检测为45℃左右。为了验证分析，我们又对汽油的气化性能进行了分析，表四是车汽的馏程范围，初馏点为36.9℃，10%点为51.4℃。也就是说喷淋汽油在塔内45℃的环境中已经出现了部分气化现象。油气温度过高造成喷淋油气化也是油气回收装置尾气排放超标的一个主要原因。

　　The portable infrared thermometer was used on site to detect the temperature of the outer wall of the absorption tower, which was around 45 ℃. In order to verify the analysis, we also analyzed the gasification performance of gasoline. Table 4 shows the distillation range of gasoline, with an initial boiling point of 36.9 ℃ and a 10% point of 51.4 ℃. That is to say, the sprayed gasoline has already undergone partial gasification in the 45 ℃ environment inside the tower. Excessive oil and gas temperature leading to spray oil gasification is also a major cause of excessive exhaust emissions from oil and gas recovery devices.

　　表四   车汽馏程范围

　　Table 4: Range of Distillation Range for Vehicles

　　罐号

　　can number

　　名称

　　name

　　初馏点

　　Initial boiling point

　　10%

　　10%

　　50%

　　50%

　　950%

　　950%

　　干点

　　do something

　　279

　　two hundred and seventy-nine

　　92#车汽

　　92 # Automotive

　　36.9℃

　　36.9℃

　　51.4℃

　　51.4℃

　　98.8℃

　　98.8℃

　　160.8℃

　　160.8℃

　　197.0℃

　　197.0℃

　　解决方案：

　　Solution:

　　经过和厂家协商，要求对真空泵出口管线采取降温措施，建议增加换热器，将出口油气温度降温至50℃以内，同时增加气体止回阀。在换热器到货安装前，先临时采用喷淋水的方法对油气进行降温。真空泵出口温度已经从最高90℃下降至45℃左右，吸收塔外壁温度也从45℃下降至30℃左右。

　　After consultation with the manufacturer, it is required to take cooling measures for the outlet pipeline of the vacuum pump. It is suggested to add a heat exchanger to cool the outlet oil and gas temperature to within 50 ℃, and at the same time, add a gas check valve. Before the arrival and installation of the heat exchanger, the oil and gas are temporarily cooled by spraying water. The outlet temperature of the vacuum pump has decreased from a maximum of 90 ℃ to around 45 ℃, and the outer wall temperature of the absorption tower has also decreased from 45 ℃ to around 30 ℃.

　　四、工艺优化效果检测及效益分析

　　4、 Process optimization effect detection and benefit analysis

　　1、效果检测

　　1. Effect detection

　　8月26日经公司环监部监测站对油气回收装置的尾气进行了检测，数据如下：

　　On August 26th, the monitoring station of the company's environmental supervision department conducted a test on the exhaust gas of the oil and gas recovery device, and the data is as follows:

　　表五  油气回收装置尾气检测数据

　　Table 5 Tail gas detection data of oil and gas recovery device

　　检测日期

　　Test Date

　　入口油气浓度（g/m?）

　　Inlet oil and gas concentration (g/m?)

　　出口油气浓度（g/m?）

　　Export oil and gas concentration (g/m?)

　　处理效率（%）

　　Processing efficiency (%)

　　2018年8月26日

　　August 26, 2018

　　548

　　five hundred and forty-eight

　　1.68

　　one point six eight

　　99.69%

　　99.69%

　　标准限值

　　standard limit

　　/

　　/

　　≤25

　　≤25

　　≥95

　　≥95

　　尾气检测出口浓度1.68 g/m?，处理效率为99.69%均达到了《储油库大气污染物排放标准》（GB20950-2007）标准要求，处理效率较优化调整前提升了79%效果十分显著。

　　Exhaust gas detection outlet concentration 1.68 g/m? The processing efficiency is 99.69%, which meets the requirements of the "Air Pollutant Emission Standards for Oil Storage Tanks" (GB20950-2007). The processing efficiency has increased by 79% compared to before optimization adjustment, and the effect is very significant.

　　2、经济效益

　　2. Economic benefits

　　按照2017年达西汽油发运量27.3万吨，油气挥发损耗1‰计算（数据来源达西批发站统计报表），一年可产生的油气挥发量为273吨，油气回收装置较修复前处理效率提升了79%，一年可以多回收汽油215吨，每吨汽油按7000元计算，每年可以减少油品损失151万元，经济效益显著。

　　According to the 2017 Darcy gasoline shipment volume of 273000 tons and the oil and gas volatilization loss of 1 ‰ (data source: Darcy wholesale station statistical report), the annual oil and gas volatilization amount that can be generated is 273 tons. The oil and gas recovery device has increased the processing efficiency by 79% compared to before repair, and can recover an additional 215 tons of gasoline in a year. Calculated at 7000 yuan per ton of gasoline, it can reduce oil loss by 1.51 million yuan per year, with significant economic benefits.

　　27.3万吨×1‰×（99%-20%）×7000元=151万元

　　273000 tons x 1 ‰ x (99% -20%) x 7000 yuan=1.51 million yuan

　　3、社会效益

　　3. Social benefits

　　装车中产生的油气不仅严重污染环境，危害人体健康，在遇到明火、雷击、撞击火花时可能引发着火爆炸等安全事故，造成大规模的人员伤亡和财产损失。油气回收装置的稳定达标运行，可以有效回收装车产生的油气，保证灌装过程安全环保工作全面受控。

　　The oil and gas generated during loading not only seriously pollute the environment and endanger human health, but also may cause safety accidents such as fire and explosion when encountering open flames, lightning strikes, and sparks, resulting in large-scale casualties and property losses. The stable and compliant operation of the oil and gas recovery device can effectively recover the oil and gas generated during loading, ensuring comprehensive control of the safety and environmental protection work during the filling process.

　　通过此次对达西批发站油气回收装置的工艺路线优化，从中系统的学习了装置的运行原理和参数设置的相关知识，也积累了一定的实践经验，为今后160、163、159等油气回收装置的运行调整也具有积极的借鉴意义。

　　Through the optimization of the process route of the oil and gas recovery unit at Darcy Wholesale Station, we have systematically learned the relevant knowledge of the operating principles and parameter settings of the unit, and accumulated certain practical experience, which also has positive reference significance for the operation adjustment of oil and gas recovery units such as 160, 163, 159 in the future.

　　五、下一步重点工作

　　5、 Next key tasks

　　1、进一步优化达西油气回收装置的工艺参数，将脱附压力设置为10kPa，活性炭吸附时间设置为15分钟的模式进行试验，减少切换次数，找到最佳经济模式。

　　1. Further optimize the process parameters of the Darcy oil and gas recovery unit, set the desorption pressure to 10kPa and the activated carbon adsorption time to 15 minutes for testing, reduce the number of switching times, and find the optimal economic mode.

　　2、积极搜集160、163、159三套油气回收装置入口浓度、油气产生量等基础数据，建立有效吸附量与装车油气量的对比模型，为装置的优化调整提供理论依据。

　　2. Actively collect basic data such as inlet concentration and oil and gas production of three sets of oil and gas recovery devices (160, 163, 159), establish a comparative model between effective adsorption capacity and loaded oil and gas volume, and provide theoretical basis for the optimization and adjustment of the devices.

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